摩尔多瓦国家气候与发展报告2024

MOLDOVA COUNTRYWorld Bank Group CLIMATE ANDDEVELOPMENTREPORTNovember 2024Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202‑473‑1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group with external contributions. “The World Bank Group” refers to the legallyseparate organizations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International DevelopmentAssociation (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the content included in this work, orthe conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including,without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the WorldBank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations of the WorldBank Group, their respective Boards of Executive Directors, and the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal, securities,or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of any type. Some of theorganizations of the World Bank Group or their affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or services to, orotherwise have a financial interest in certain of the companies and parties named herein. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities ofany of the organizations of The World Bank Group, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its knowledge, thiswork may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given and allfurther permissions that may be required for such use (as noted herein) are acquired. The World Bank Group does not warrantthat the content contained in this work will not infringe on the rights of third parties, and accepts no responsibility or liability inthis regard. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to: World Bank Publications,The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;e‑mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Table of Contents Climate action presents opportunities that Moldova cannotafford to miss...................................viiiPolicy priorities for financing and implementing the transition........................................................xviiInvestment needs for financing low-carbon growth and climate change adaptation.....................xixFacilitating a people-centric transition.................................................................................................xxii 1.1.Development context: structural challenges to high-income convergence..............................21.2.Climate change context: climate impacts and cost of inaction..................................................41.3.Climate policy context: risks and opportunities from the global climate transition................9 2.Climate commitments, policies, and capacities.............................................................................14 2.1.Moldova’s major commitments and policies on climate change...............................................142.2.Institutional framework for climate change action......................................................................152.3.The political economy context........................................................................................................16 3.Policies and investments to address climate and development challenges in key sectors.......22 3.1.1.Raising productivity and strengthening climate resilience of agriculture............................223.1.2.Climate‑proofing public infrastructure and essential services...............................................283.1.3.Strengthening disaster preparedness and response capacity...............................................31 3.2.Decarbonizing the economy to realize growth opportunities...................................................32 3.2.1.Energy sector reforms and decarbonization in the context of EU Integration....................343.2.2.Decarbonizing energy supply to boost energy security, financial sustainability,and competitiveness......................................