开放金融：韩国经验与东亚及太平洋地区的机遇与挑战（英）2024

PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized seoulcenterforfinanceandinnovation incollaborationwith OpenFinance:theKoreanExperience&OpportunitiesandChallengesfortheEastAsiaandPacificRegion ©2024InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank 1818HStreetNWWashingtonDC20433 Telephone:202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org ThisworkisaproductofthestaffofTheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofTheWorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent. TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracy,completeness,orcurrencyofthedataincludedinthisworkanddoesnotassumeresponsibilityforanyerrors,omissions,ordiscrepanciesintheinformation,orliabilitywithrespecttotheuseoforfailuretousetheinformation,methods,processes,orconclusionssetforth.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries. NothinghereinshallconstituteorbeconstruedorconsideredtobealimitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesandimmunitiesofTheWorldBank,allofwhicharespecificallyreserved. RightsandPermissions Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecauseTheWorldBankencouragesdisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncommercialpurposesaslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven. Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. WorldBankGroup Finance,CompetitivenessandInnovationGlobalPractice OpenFinance:theKoreanExperience&OpportunitiesandChallengesfor theEastAsiaandPacificRegion seoulcenterforfinanceandinnovation maY2024 Acknowledgment ThispaperisaproductoftheWorldBankFinance,CompetitivenessandInnovation(FCI)GlobalPractice’sEastAsiaandPacificRegion,SeoulCenterforFinanceandInnovation(SeoulCenter),KoreaFinancialTelecommunications&ClearingsInstitute(KFTC),andKoreaInstituteofFinance(KIF).ItispartofalargereffortbytheWorldBankKoreaOfficetocontributetodevelopmentpolicydiscussionsoninnovationmattersintheEastAsiaandPacificregionandaroundtheworld. Theauthors1areextremelythankfulforthesupportoftheWorldBank,KIFandKFTCfortheirpartnershiponthispaper.ThanksalsogotoBankIndonesiaandBangkoSentralNgPilipinasfortheircooperationincompletingthesurveyontheiropenfinancedevelopment.TheauthorsappreciateguidanceandcommentsfromZaferMustafaoglu(PracticeManager,FCI),FredesvindaFatimaMontes(SeniorFinancialSectorSpecialist,FCI),MariusVismantas(LeadFinancialSectorSpecialist,FCI),MariaFernandezVidal(SeniorFinancialSectorSpecialist,FCI),GuillermoAlfonsoGaliciaRabadan(Consultant,FCI),andStuartYikona(ProgramManager,FCISeoulCenter).TheauthorsalsothankSeongkiHong(SeniorFinancialSectorSpecialist,FCI)andSeungeunJeong(Consultant,FCISeoulCenter)forallthesupportinthefinalizationofthispaper. Thispaper’sfindings,interpretations,andconclusionsareentirelythoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldBank,itsexecutivedirectors,orthecountriesitrepresents. Finally,theauthorswouldliketothanktheMinistryofEconomyandFinanceoftheRepublicofKoreaforitscontinuedpartnershipinsupportingtheworkoftheSeoulCenterandthedevelopmentofthefinancialandprivatesectorsintheEastAsiaandPacific. 1HeungJinKwon,ResearchFellow,KoreaInstituteofFinance;KyoosunChoi,SeniorResearcher,KoreaFinancialTelecommunications&ClearingsInstitute;andSoohyangLee,FinancialSectorSpecialist,WorldBank. theeastasiaandpacificregion4 Contents ExecutiveSummary8 1.Introduction11 2.LiteratureReview:SettingtheContext18 3.KoreanExperience:LessonstoBeLearned25 3.1.OpenBanking26 3.2.OpenFinance35 4.OpportunitiesandChallengesintheEastAsiaandPacific45 4.1.Overview46 4.2.Country-LevelAnalysis:Indonesia57 4.3.Country-LevelAnalysis:ThePhilippines63 Annexes67 Annex4A.IndicatorsforAssessingFinancialDevelopment68 Annex4B.Middle-IncomeCountries’FinancialSectorDevelopmentbyRegion(2016–21)69 5.PolicyImplicationsfortheEastAsiaandPacificandBeyond72 5.1.ClearPolicyObjectives72 5.2.RegulatoryandLegislativeEfforts73 5.3.CentralizedversusDecentralizedApproach73 5.4.Interoperability74 5.5.Phase-inApproach75 5.6.InnovationandCompetition75 5.7.Collaboration76 References78 theeastasiaandpacificregion5 Abbreviations AIartificialintelligence AMLanti-moneylaundering APIapplicationprogramminginterfaceBCBSBaselCommitteeonBankingSupervisionBIBankIndonesia BPSBadanPusatStatistik(StatisticsIndonesia),Indonesia BSPBangkoSentralNgPilipinas BSPIBlueprintSistemPembayaranIndonesia(IndonesiaPaymentSystemBlueprint) CICCreditInformationCorporation,Philippines CISACreditInformationSystemAct,Philippines DBMDepartmentofBudgetandManagement,Philippines DICTDepartmentofInformationandCommunicationsTechnology,Philippines DTIDepartmentofTradeandIndustry,Philippines e-KTPKartuTandaPendudukElektronik(