The report provides an update on the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and highlights the importance of reducing vulnerabilities and strengthening resilience in LDCs. The report was prepared under the guidance of Fekitamoeloa Katoa ‘Utoikamanu, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (OHRLLS), with general supervision from Heidi Schroderus-Fox, Director of the Office of the High Representative, and Sandagdorj Erdenebileg, Chief, Policy Coordination, Monitoring and Reporting Service, OHRLLS. The team comprised Susanna Wolf (team leader), Md. Abdul Alim, Aniket Ghai, Miniva Chibuye, and Tomás Gonzalez. Andrew Lange provided inputs to Chapter 1. The report received inputs and comments from OHRLLS team members Yuxin Ai, Americo Beviglia Zampetti, Oumar Diallo, Yeshey Dorji, and Rita Ruohonen, as well as comments from Keith Nurse (Senior Fellow Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, World Trade Organisation Chair, University of the West Indies), Matthias Bruckner, Caroline Lombardo, Roland Mollerus, Oliver Schwank, Sharon Spiegel, Claudia Witkowski (Department of Economic and Social Affairs–DESA), Nyingtob Norbu and Oliver Paddison (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific–ESCAP), Christina Behrendt, Valérie Schmitt, Adriana Sierra, Camilla Roman (International Labor Organisation–ILO), Cyprien Fabre of OECD, and Rolf Traeger (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development–UNCTAD).
