经合组织经济调查 ： 荷兰 ， 1996 年

OECDEconomic Surveys on the Netherlands

Key Points:

1. Publication and Availability: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) publishes electronic books on economic surveys for member countries and those in Central and Eastern Europe. These include the full text, tables, and figures of traditional print versions.

2. Format and Features: The electronic books offer user-friendly interfaces, comprehensive indexes for quick text retrieval, zoom facilities for graphics magnification or page size increase, cut-and-paste capabilities, and printing features. The quality and readability of the printed version are maintained throughout.

3. Subscription and Pricing: A subscription fee applies to access the full 1994/1995 series on CD-ROM. Prices vary by currency and country.

4. OECD's Role: The OECD promotes policies aimed at achieving sustainable economic growth, employment, and rising living standards, contributing to global economic development, supporting sound economic expansion worldwide, and promoting multilateral, non-discriminatory world trade.

5. Membership: The original member countries include Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Additional countries joined through accession.

6. Netherlands Overview: In 1994-95, the Dutch economy showed good macroeconomic performance, with real GDP growth averaging around 2.1%, comparable to EU and OECD averages. Wages moderated, inflation fell significantly, and despite the guilder's appreciation, Dutch exporters maintained market shares, resulting in an expanding current account surplus. Job creation was robust, especially with part-time work gaining importance. However, the unemployment rate remained modestly low but above pre-1990 levels.

7. Forecast: Economic activity is projected to slow in the current year, aligning with a more pronounced cyclicality in Europe. Real GDP growth is expected to resume in 1997, stabilizing the unemployment rate and allowing for deceleration in employment growth.

8. Economic Strategy: The new government has launched a broad program to enhance economic growth and create sufficient jobs to absorb new entrants into the labor market and reintegrate those currently in social security programs back into active labor force participation. The government has significantly reduced tax burdens and non-wage labor costs, particularly at the lower end of the labor market.

9. Challenges and Focus Areas: Despite these measures, the high number of inactive persons in social security programs and the low overall employment rate (measured in full-time equivalents) compared to historical norms indicate structural factors affecting labor market outcomes. The focus remains on addressing these challenges to improve labor market dynamics.