全球和国家层面农业粮食体系就业测算研究报告

FAOStatisticsWorkingPaperSeries Issue23/34 ESTIMATINGGLOBALANDCOUNTRY-LEVELEMPLOYMENTINAGRIFOODSYSTEMS FAOStatisticsWorkingPaperSeries/23-34 ESTIMATINGGLOBALANDCOUNTRY-LEVELEMPLOYMENTINAGRIFOODSYSTEMS BenjaminDavis,ErdginMane,LemanYoncaGurbuzer,GiuliaCaivano,NataliaPiedrahita,NimraAzhar,MarwanBenali,NidhiChaudharyandRodrigoRivera FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations KateSchneider PaulH.NitzeSchoolofAdvancedInternationalStudies,JohnsHopkinsUniversity RamyaAmbikapathi DepartmentofGlobalDevelopment,CornellUniversityand PaulWinters KeoughSchoolofGlobalAffairs,UniversityofNotreDame FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsRome,2023 Requiredcitation: Davis,B.,Mane,E.,Gurbuzer,L.Y.,Caivano,G.,Piedrahita,N.,Schneider,K.,Azhar,N.,Benali,M.,Chaudhary,N.,Rivera,R.,Ambikapathi,R.andWinters,P.2023.Estimatingglobalandcountry-levelemploymentinagrifoodsystems.FAOStatisticsWorkingPaperSeries,No.23-34.Rome,FAO.https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4337en ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationproductdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturers,whetherornotthesehavebeenpatented,doesnotimplythatthesehavebeenendorsedorrecommendedbyFAOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO.ISBN978-92-5-137639-3 ©FAO,2023 Somerightsreserved.ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Underthetermsofthislicence,thisworkmaybecopied,redistributedandadaptedfornon-commercialpurposes,providedthattheworkisappropriatelycited.Inanyuseofthiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthatFAOendorsesanyspecificorganization,productsorservices.TheuseoftheFAOlogoisnotpermitted.Iftheworkisadapted,thenitmustbelicensedunderthesameorequivalentCreativeCommonslicence.Ifatranslationofthisworkiscreated,itmustincludethefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththerequiredcitation:“ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO).FAOisnotresponsibleforthecontentoraccuracyofthistranslation.Theoriginal[Language]editionshallbetheauthoritativeedition.” DisputesarisingunderthelicencethatcannotbesettledamicablywillberesolvedbymediationandarbitrationasdescribedinArticle8ofthelicenceexceptasotherwiseprovidedherein.TheapplicablemediationruleswillbethemediationrulesoftheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationhttp://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rulesandanyarbitrationwillbeconductedinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL). Third-partymaterials.Userswishingtoreusematerialfromthisworkthatisattributedtoathirdparty,suchastables,figuresorimages,areresponsiblefordeterminingwhetherpermissionisneededforthatreuseandforobtainingpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Theriskofclaimsresultingfrominfringementofanythird-party-ownedcomponentintheworkrestssolelywiththeuser. Sales,rightsandlicensing.FAOinformationproductsareavailableontheFAOwebsite(www.fao.org/publications)andcanbepurchasedthroughpublications-sales@fao.org.Requestsforcommercialuseshouldbesubmittedvia:www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request.Queriesregardingrightsandlicensingshouldbesubmittedto:copyright@fao.org Abstract Globalandnationalpolicydiscourseandagendasaremovingbeyondtraditionalsilosofagriculture,nutrition,health,andclimatechangetoaddressthechallengesfacingagrifoodsystems(AFS).Inthispaper,weuseinternationallabourforcestatisticstoprovidethefirstsystematicanddocumentedglobalestimatequantifyingthetotalnumberofpeopleemployedinAFS.Weestimatethat1.23billionpeopleareemployedinAFSandthat3.83billionpeopleworldwideliveinhouseholdslinkedtoAFS-basedlivelihoods.However,internationallabourforcestatisticsfocusonthemainlabouractivityinthelastsevendaysandarelikelytoundercountthetotalnumberofpeoplewhoareengagedinAFS.Usinghouseholdsurveydatafromtheharmonizedmulti-countryRuralLivelihoodsInformationSystem(RuLIS)database,wefindthatthenumberofpeopleengagedinAFSisonaverage24percenthigherthanemploymentdefinedonlybythemainlabouractivity.ThisanalysisshowstherelevanceofcountingsecondaryjobsandhouseholdfarmingactivitiestoidentifyallindividualswhoselivelihoodsdependtosomedegreeonAFS. Contents Abstractiii Acknowledgementsvi Abbreviationsandacronymsvii 1Introduction1 2Methodology5 2.1Definingagrifoodsystems5 2.2Definingemploymentandengagement6 3Data8 3.1ILOSTATdatabaseandFAOeconometricmodeltofillinthedatagaps8 3.2Bringingintradeandtransportation11 3.3Householdsurveys:RuLISdatabase12 4Results13 4.1FAOmodel:employmentinagrifoodsystems13 4.2Householdsurveys:employmentandengagementinagrifoodsystems20 4.3Engagementvsemployment:investigatingunde