农作物与气候变化影响概况 — 气候智慧型农业有助于建立更可持续、更有韧性和更加公平的粮食体系（英）

Cropsandclimatechangeimpactbriefs Climate-smartagricultureformoresustainable,resilient,andequitablefoodsystems 2 Cropsandclimatechangeimpactbriefs Climate-smartagricultureformoresustainable,resilient,andequitablefoodsystems FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations I Rome,2022 Requiredcitation: FAO.2022.Cropsandclimatechangeimpactbriefs.Climate-smartagricultureformoresustainable,resilient,andequitablefoodsystems.Rome.https://doi.org/10.4060/cb8030en ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationproductdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturers,whetherornotthesehavebeenpatented,doesnotimplythatthesehavebeenendorsedorrecommendedbyFAOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO. ISBN978-92-5-135510-7 ©FAO,2022 ISBN978-92-5-134592-4 ©FAO,2021 Somerightsreserved.ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Underthetermsofthislicence,thisworkmaybecopied,redistributedandadaptedfornon-commercialpurposes,providedthattheworkisappropriatelycited.Inanyuseofthiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthatFAOendorsesanyspecificorganization,productsorservices.TheuseoftheFAOlogoisnotpermitted.Iftheworkisadapted,thenitmustbelicensedunderthesameorequivalentCreativeCommonslicence.Ifatranslationofthisworkiscreated,itmustincludethefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththerequiredcitation:“ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO).FAOisnotresponsibleforthecontentoraccuracyofthistranslation.Theoriginal[Language]editionshallbetheauthoritativeedition.” DisputesarisingunderthelicencethatcannotbesettledamicablywillberesolvedbymediationandarbitrationasdescribedinArticle8ofthelicenceexceptasotherwiseprovidedherein.TheapplicablemediationruleswillbethemediationrulesoftheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationhttp://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rulesandanyarbitrationwillbeconductedinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL). Third-partymaterials.Userswishingtoreusematerialfromthisworkthatisattributedtoathirdparty,suchastables,figuresorimages,areresponsiblefordeterminingwhetherpermissionisneededforthatreuseandforobtainingpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Theriskofclaimsresultingfrominfringementofanythird-party-ownedcomponentintheworkrestssolelywiththeuser. Sales,rightsandlicensing.FAOinformationproductsareavailableontheFAOwebsite(www.fao.org/publications)andcanbepurchasedthroughpublications-sales@fao.org.Requestsforcommercialuseshouldbesubmittedvia:www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request.Queriesregardingrightsandlicensingshouldbesubmittedto:copyright@fao.org. II Contents AcknowledgementsVII 1.Introductiontocropsandclimatechangeimpactbriefs Climate-smartagricultureformoresustainable,resilient,andequitablefoodsystems1 1.1Introduction2 1.2CSApracticesasacontributiontoachievetheSDGs4 1.3References8 2.Sustainablecoffeeproduction Adaptingproductionsystemstochangingclimaticconditionsandreducingenvironmentalimpacts9 2.1Introduction10 2.2Impactsofclimatechangeandprojectionsforcoffee13 2.3Climatechangeadaptationapproaches16 2.4Climatechangemitigationapproaches31 2.5Coffeeenvironmentalandsustainabilitycertifications35 2.6Enablingpolicyenvironment38 2.7Conclusion40 2.8References41 III 3.Sustainablecowpeaproduction Adaptingproductionsystemstochangingclimaticconditionsandreducingenvironmentalimpacts51 3.1Introduction52 3.2Impactsofclimatechangeandprojectionsforcowpea.55 3.3Climatechangeadaptationapproaches57 3.4Climatechangemitigationapproaches72 3.5Enablingpolicyenvironment75 3.6Conclusion76 3.7References77 4.Sustainablemaizeproduction Adaptingproductionsystemstochangingclimaticconditionsandreducingenvironmentalimpacts87 4.1Introduction88 4.2Impactsofclimatechangeandprojectionsformaize91 4.3Climatechangeadaptationapproaches93 4.4Climatechangemitigationapproaches102 4.5Enablingpolicyenvironment108 4.6Conclusion109 4.7References110 5.Sustainablericeproduction Adaptingproductionsystemstochangingclimaticconditionsandreducingenvironmentalimpacts115 5.1Introduction116 5.2Impactsofclimatechangeandprojectionsforrice119 IV 5.3Climatechangeadaptationapproaches121 5.4Climatechangemitigationapproaches137 5.5Enablingpolicyenvironment142 5.6Conclusion144 5.7References145 6.Sustainablewheatproduction Adaptingproductionsystemstochangingclimaticconditionsandreducingenvironmentalimpacts153 6.1Introduction154 6.2Impactsofclimatechangeandprojectionsforwheat157 6.3Climatechangeadaptationapproaches159 6.4Climatechangemitigationapproaches170 6.5En