全球城市公共交通就业报告

UITP & ITF JOINT PUBLICATIONCRESTONE WITSELL AND GEORGE ONOFREI, PHD International Association of Public Transport (UITP)Rue Sainte-Marie, 6 | B-1080 Brussels | Belgium Tel: +32 2 673 61 00info@uitp.orgwww.uitp.org © UITP – International Association of Public Transport, 2025 All rights reserved / No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the International EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, commissioned by the International Associationof Public Transport (UITP) and the International TransportWorkers’ Federation (ITF), offers a forward-looking assess-ment of global employment trends in the urban public trans-port (UPT) sector. It explores how workforce composition,technological advancement, sustainability imperatives, andsocial dialogue are reshaping the future of public transport Urban public transport remains central to achieving ur-ban climate goals and improving mobility for all. Whilechallenges such as workforce shortages, ageing staff, andtechnological transitions persist, the sector is responding The UPT workforce is evolving,with new opportunitiesemerging in information technology (IT), engineering, pro-ject management, and electric vehicle (EV) systems. Whilesome traditional roles are shifting, overall demand for skilled Technology and sustainability are accelerating transforma-tion.The introduction of electric buses, automation, and ar-tificial intelligence (AI) is improving service delivery and en-vironmental performance, while simultaneously creating new Progress on gender equity is gaining ground,particularlythrough targeted recruitment, training, and the expansionof roles for women in driving, maintenance, and operation-al support. Efforts to close gaps in technical and leadership Unions and social dialogue are driving just transitions.Through collective agreements, joint training programmes,and policy collaboration, trade unions are working with Future workforce resilience depends on strategic investment.Expanding training pipelines, embracing flexible scheduling,and strengthening diversity and inclusion initiatives will be key The findings point to a sector already taking proactive stepstoward a just transition — where green investment, digital in-novation workforce development, and social dialogue go handin hand. With continued collaboration among governments,employers, and trade unions, UPT systems can play a leadingrole in shaping smarter, greener, and fairer cities — while cre- LIST OF ACRONYMS AI:Artificial IntelligenceAVL:Automatic Vehicle LocationCAMET:China Urban Rail AssociationCOVID-19:2019 Coronavirus DiseaseDEI:Diversity, Equity, and InclusionEIB:European Investment BankETF:European Transport Workers’ Federation TABLE OF CONTENT —4—1. Introduction—8—2. Global Trends—21—3. Workforce and Training—23—4. New Technology—24—5. Climate Action—26—6. Union Support and Future Needs and Opportunities—27—Conclusion—28—Works Cited This report builds upon previous research, par-ticularly the 2011 UITP Observatory of Employ-ment study, by offering a comprehensive and up-dated dataset. It examines critical themes such asgender balance, workforce age distribution, train-ing initiatives, the impact of new technologies andclimate action, job transitions, and decent workconditions. The insights presented are informedby both survey data and structured interviewswith public transport operators, authorities, andtrade union representatives. The interviews of-fer valuable qualitative perspectives and providea foundation for collaborative strategies to ad-dress the sector’s evolving needs. Nevertheless, 1. INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, urban public transport (UPT)systems have been significantly shaped by globalpopulation growth, rapid urbanisation, and evolvingtravel preferences. These trends have necessitatedstrategic adjustments in operational planning andworkforce capabilities. At the same time, techno-logical and environmental initiatives—such as theadoption of cleaner fuels, deployment of electric andautonomous vehicles, and integration of new digital However, these transformations come with con-siderable challenges. The lingering effects of the2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemichave disrupted UPT operations and stretched or-ganisational resources. A key concern is the de-cline in public transport’s modal share, as personalvehicle ownership continues to rise. Data collectedby Eurostat and the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD) indicateincreased car passenger kilometres (km) and pas-senger car usage across the European Union (EU)- This joint International Association of Public Trans-port and International Transport Workers’ Feder-ation (UITP-ITF) research initiative forms part ofthe UITP Integrated Global Work Programme,adopted in 2024. The programme’s first strategicpillar focuses on addressing labour market trans-formations. The findings in this report serve as a