2024克服南部非洲绿色、有韧性、包容性和高效区域贸易走廊的障碍报告

Overcoming the Barriers to Green, Resilient, Inclusive, and Efficient Regional Trade Corridors in Southern Africa

Executive Summary

This report aims to address the barriers that hinder the development of green, resilient, inclusive, and efficient regional trade corridors in Southern Africa. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of regional trade and transport networks, assesses the impact of climate change, and outlines key reforms needed to improve trade efficiency.

Introduction and Background

• Purpose: The report was prepared to identify and overcome barriers to regional trade corridors.
• Main Findings: The current trade corridors face significant challenges related to cost, travel time, traffic congestion, and border crossing points.
• Action Plan: A detailed action plan is proposed to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of these corridors.

Regional Trade and Transport Network

• International Corridors: Analysis of major international trade corridors in Southern Africa.
• Cost and Travel Time: Detailed examination of costs and travel times on these corridors, highlighting inefficiencies.
• Road Traffic: Data on road traffic volumes in 2019, indicating congestion issues.
• Border Crossing Points: Examination of border crossing points and their impact on trade.
• GHG Emissions: Assessment of regional transport greenhouse gas emissions.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Suggestions for improving the efficiency and sustainability of the transport network.

Regional Africa Freight Model and Demand Forecasts

• Introduction: Overview of the freight model and demand forecasts.
• Transport Network and Travel Times: Analysis of road, rail, and port volumes.
• Commodity Demand Data: Zoning structure and commodity demand data.
• Traffic Assignment: Detailed traffic assignment on the network.
• Model Results: Results from the 2019 model.
• Forecast Results: Projections for 2050.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Insights and recommendations based on the model results.

Impact of Climate Change

• Introduction: Overview of the climate vulnerability assessment.
• Current Climate Conditions: Results from current climate assessments.
• Future Climate Conditions: Projections for future climate conditions.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on regional trade.

Barriers and Enabling Reforms to Regional Trade

• Introduction: Overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA).
• Current State of Progress: Status of progress in implementing TFA measures.
• Challenges: Challenges in implementing TFA measures.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Recommendations for enabling reforms.

The Social Cost of Regional Trade

• Introduction: Focus on ensuring safety in corridor communities.
• Ensuring Safety: Importance of road safety diagnostics.
• HIV/STI Infection: Challenges related to HIV/STI infection in corridor communities.
• Human Trafficking: Addressing human trafficking issues.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Strategies to mitigate social costs.

Sustainable Financing of the Regional Transport and Trade Network

• Introduction: Need for sustainable financing.
• Expenditure Needs and Resources: Identification of expenditure needs and available resources.
• Domestic Sources: Role of domestic sources like road funds and road user charges.

This report provides a comprehensive framework for addressing the barriers to green, resilient, inclusive, and efficient regional trade corridors in Southern Africa, with a focus on enhancing sustainability, resilience, and efficiency.