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PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized SCALINGINNOVATIONS forPlasticCircularitywithInvestmentinASEAN Disclaimer ThisworkisaproductofstaffatTheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofTheWorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent. TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracy,completeness,orcurrencyofthedataincludedinthisworkanddoesnotassumeresponsibilityforanyerrors,omissions,ordiscrepanciesintheinformation,orliabilitywithrespecttotheuseoforfailuretousetheinformation,methods,processes,orconclusionssetforth.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries. NothinghereinshallconstituteorbeconstruedorconsideredtobealimitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesandimmunitiesofTheWorldBank,allofwhicharespecificallyreserved. ii Photos:Unlessotherwiseindicated,photosweretakenbythestudyteam.Design:SarahJeneHollis,WorldBankGroup SCALING INNOVATIONS forPlasticCircularitywithInvestmentinASEAN iii Contents Acknowledgementsviii ExecutiveSummaryix Chapter1.Introduction1 1.1.BackgroundandObjectives1 1.2.PlasticPollutionintheASEANRegion3 1.3.InnovationandPlasticWasteManagement4 1.4.Methodology5 1.4.1.LimitationsoftheMethodology6 1.5.StakeholderConsultations7 Chapter2.OverviewoftheWasteManagementEcosystemandtheKeyPlastic WasteTypesintheSixAMS9 2.1.EvaluationParametersforWasteManagement,Recycling,andPlasticCircularityintheSixAMS9 2.2.TheCountry-specificStatusofSWM,Recycling,andPlasticCircularityintheSixAMS10 2.3.HurdlestoOvercometoAchieveInnovations’GrowthandScale16 2.3.1.LackofPolicyandFinancialIncentives17 2.3.2.LackofOrganizationalCapacity18 2.3.3.LimitedAccesstoCapital18 2.4.InnovationSupporttoAddresstheGaps19 Chapter3.TheInnovationLandscapeforPlasticCircularity23 3.1.IntroductiontoInnovationsinPlasticCircularityintheASEANRegion23 3.2.IdentifyingandAssessingtheInnovationEcosystem25 3.3.InnovationsinASEANandotherselectAreas27 3.3.1.UpstreamStage27 3.3.2.MidstreamStage28 3.3.3.DownstreamStage29 3.3.4.Cross-cuttingStage30 3.4.EvaluatingandSelectingInnovationsforInvestment31 Chapter4.PolicyOptionstoStimulateInnovationstoAdvancePlasticCircularity35 4.1.OverviewoftheRoleofPoliciesinDrivingInnovationandInvestment35 4.2.PolicyInstrumentsforTriggeringPlasticInnovation39 4.3.InternationalPolicyTriggersforPlasticInnovation44 Chapter5.InvestmentNeedsandOpportunitiesinInnovationsforPlastic CircularityintheSixAMS49 5.1.DevelopmentProfileofInnovationsinthePlasticCircularityEcosystemintheSixAMS50 5.2.OverviewofInvestmentsinInnovationsinWasteManagement,Recycling,andPlasticCircularity intheSixAMS(2018–2022)52 Chapter6.CreatingtheEnablingEnvironmentandMarketstoImproveInvestmentsinPlasticCircularityInnovations55 6.1.ScalingInnovationsbyStage57 6.1.1.ValueChainStage57 6.1.2.SWMEcosystemType58 6.2SupportivePoliciesandFinancialIncentivesforPlasticCircularityInnovations62 6.2.1.PolicyGapsandCoordinationtoAddressInstitutionalFailures62 6.2.2.FinancialIncentivestoAddressMarketFailures64 6.2.3.CreatingMarketDemand66 6.3DirectSupporttoPlasticCircularityInnovators68 6.3.1.BuildingOrganizationalCapacity68 6.3.2.AccesstoFinancing71 6.4.RegionalCooperation73 6.5.Conclusion74 Appendices75 ListofAbbreviations75 Appendix1.CountryProfilesfortheSixAMS78 Appendix2.Top10plasticcircularitytransactionbydealvalueintheSixAMS(2018-9M2022)80 Appendix3.StakeholderConsultations81 Appendix4.KeyTypesandSourcesofCapitalintheASEANRegion85 Appendix5.SelectedFinancingCriteriaforPlasticCircularityInvestments89 Appendix6.SelectedVentureDebtProvidersandTheirProducts90 Appendix7.PerceivedBarriersandSupportivePoliciestoDrivetheDevelopmentofPlasticCircularity intheSixAMS91 Appendix8.SummaryofSelectedSWMandSUPPolicies93 Bibliography94 Figures FigureES.1.PlasticWasteManagementInnovationLandscapeintheASEANRegionxiii Figure1.LossesofRecyclableMaterialValueinFourASEANMemberStates2 Figure2.TypesofPlasticPollutionintheASEANRegion3 Figure3.SolidWasteManagementFrameworktoSupportInnovation4 Figure4.ElementsofPlasticCircularity(PlasticWasteManagementwithinSolidWasteManagement)10 Figure5.KeyElementsofPlasticCircularity11 Figure6.CategorizationofInnovationsinthePlasticValueChain24 Figure7.PlasticWasteManagementInnovationLandscapeintheASEANRegion33 Tables TableES.1.TransitioningSWMfromaNascenttoanEmergingEcosysteminthesixAMSxiv TableES.2.PrioritizationofinnovationacrosstheplasticvaluechaininthesixAMSxv Table1.NascentEcosystem:Cambodia,Indonesia,andthePhilippines12 Table2.EmergingEcosystem:Malaysia,Thailand,andVietnam14 Table3.GapsinSolidWasteManagementandtheirImpactsonPlasticWasteManagement20 Table4.ThematicInnovationstoAddressGapstoImprovePlasticWasteManagement21 Table5.ReadinessofInnovationsbyStage33 Table6.ExtendedProducerResponsibilityScheme40 Table7.PotentialSourc