A Universal Taxonomy for Natural Hazard and Climate Risk and Resilience Assessments

Foreword Applications Whatisrisk? Whatis Climatechange Taxonomies Userpersonas Glossary Acknowledgements anduses resilience? effects AUniversalTaxonomyforNaturalHazardandClimateRiskandResilienceAssessments BuildingsEdition May2024 Version1.0 WildfiresmokeinSanFrancisco,2020 Foreword Applications Whatisrisk? Whatis Climatechange Taxonomies Userpersonas Glossary Acknowledgements anduses resilience? effects Tableofcontents Thisframeworkprovidesstakeholdersauniversallanguageforriskandresilienceassessmentssothattheycanbettercommunicateandaligntheirneedsforspecificapplications.Wehopethatitwillbringmuchneededconsistencyandtransparencytothegrowingdemandfornaturalhazardandclimateriskassessmentsaroundtheworldandleadtomoreresilientoutcomes.Thisversionisfocusedonbuildingsandtheorganizationsandpeoplewhousethem. Copyright©Arup2024 Foreword3 Applicationsanduses4 Introduction5 SimplifiedRiskClassTaxonomy6 Scope7 Whentousethetaxonomy8 Application9 Whatisrisk?10 Definingrisk11 Howdoyouassessriskforindividualbuildings?12 Howdoyouassessriskforaportfolioofbuildings?13 Consequencetypesandcommunicationofrisk14 Whatisresilience?15 Resilienceandadaptation16 Climatechangeeffects17 Incorporatingclimatechangeeffects18 Taxonomies19 Userpersonas27 Introduction28 Glossaryofterms37 Acknowledgements38 Foreword Applications Whatisrisk? Whatis Climatechange Taxonomies Userpersonas Glossary Acknowledgements anduses resilience? effects Foreword RashminGunasekera|SeniorDisasterRiskManagementSpecialist GlobalFacilityforDisasterRiskReductionattheWorldBank ItisapleasuretowritetheforewordforthispublicationofaUniversalTaxonomyforNaturalHazardandClimateRiskandResilienceAssessments.Thisriskframeworkiscommendableforfocusingontheimpactsofnaturalhazards,andbringingtogetherthetechnicalsynthesisofthedifferenttypes,styles,andapplicationsofriskassessments.Iforeseethispublicationbecomingakeyguidefortechnicalriskpractitionersandvariousstakeholdersacrosstheacademic,public,andprivatesectors,asitprovidespracticaladviceandsupport inscopingandevaluatingquantitativedisasterriskassessments. Inthelastfewyears,wehaveseenasignificantincreaseindemandforglobal,national,local,andassetlevelquantitativeriskassessments–evenmoresowhenconsideringclimaterelatedriskassessments. However,guidanceandataxonomythathelpsbothproducersandconsumersofthisriskinformationhasbeenscarce. Itisclearthatmoreisneededtobetterdefineriskassessmentsonscoping,differentapplicationsoftheresults,therangeofoutputs,theimplicationsofresults,theassociatedcosts,andimportantly,theassociateduncertainty.Thisrisktaxonomynowgoesafairwaytowardsaddressingtheknowledgegap. Fromanenduserperspective,inmyexperienceofhavingworkedinacademia,public,andprivatesectorsformorethan20years,wehavelackedtheframingofdisasterriskassessmentsasshowninthispublication,particularlythatwithafocusonsomehigherlevel,keytechnicalinformation.Inthepublicsector,forexample,attheWorldBankandtheGlobalFacility forDisasterReductionRecovery(GFDRR)whereIcurrentlywork,thetopicofdisasterriskassessmentisofcriticalimportance.Forthoseofusworkingatthecuttingedge,weneedtofocusnotonlydevelopinginnovativeanalyticsandtoolsbutalsoonsupportingDisasterRiskReduction(DRR)policyformulation, increasinglyextendingtheworktoquantifyingphysicalvulnerabilities,whichmakesthispublicationevenmorerelevantforus.Therefore,Isupportandcommendtheobjectivetoadvancethisknowledgeforevaluatingnaturalhazardimpacts,notonlyonbuildingsbutalsoonpeopleandcommunities. Lookingahead,Iseesignsforfuturefurtherdevelopmentandexpansionofthistaxonomyinrelationtodifferentassetclassesandinfrastructuresectorsanddifferentclimatechangescenarios.Onekeyanglewouldbetoexpandthetaxonomytonon-technicalaudiencesaswell.Ilookforwardtothenextstepsanduptakeoftherisktaxonomyinourprojectsintheyearstocome. Foreword Applications Whatisrisk? Whatis Climatechange Taxonomies Userpersonas Glossary Acknowledgements anduses resilience? effects Introduction SimplifiedRiskClassTaxonomy Scope WhentousethetaxonomyApplication Applicationsanduses AUniversalTaxonomyforNaturalHazardandClimateRiskandResilienceAssessments4 IntroductionSimplifiedRiskClassTaxonomyScopeWhentousethetaxonomyApplication Foreword Applications Whatisrisk? Whatis Climatechange Taxonomies Userpersonas Glossary Acknowledgements anduses resilience? effects Introduction Thereisanincreasingneedtotakeactiononclimateadaptationinthebuiltenvironment.Variousstakeholders,frompropertyprofessionalstofinanciers,havebeentaskedwithleadingtheway.Yetriskandresiliencearehighlytechnicaltopicsandtherearelimitedresourcestohelpnon-technicalstakeholdersnavigatethepathforward.Weoftenfindthatwearenottalkingthesamelanguage,causingmis-alignmentandunmetexpectationsbetweentheconsumersandprovidersofriskandresilienceinformationandstrategies. Ultimately,thisinhibitsthespeedandqualityofenacting resilienceandadaptationmeasuresatthescaleneeded. Thereiscurrentlynouniversalregulatoryframeworkthatdifferentiatesbetweenlevelsortypesofriskassessmentfornaturalhazardsandclimatecha