哈萨克斯坦和亚洲开发银行（19942024）：30年的伙伴关系（英）

KAZAKHSTANANDADB(1994-2024) YEARof ARTNERSHIP I n1991,followingthebreakupoftheSovietUnion,Kazakhstangainedindependence.Theearlyyearsofthecountry’stransitionfromacentrallyplannedto amarketeconomyweremarkedbychallenges,includingadeclineinproductionandjoblosses.Thecountrylookedforpartnerstosupportitsdevelopmentwithfinanceandknowledge.On19January1994,KazakhstanjoinedtheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB). Theyear2024marksthreedecadesofthislong-termandsuccessfulpartnership.Togetherwehaveworkedonimprovingpeople’slivesbymodernizingcriticalinfrastructure,creatingjobs,reducingcarbondioxideemissions,improvingroadsafety,boostingtrade,andstrengtheningregionalconnectivity. AbridgeacrosstheriverYesilinAstana ADBAssistancetoKazakhstan asof1December2023 <$6.8billion Cumulativegrants,technicalassistance,lendingcommitments SectorAssistancetoKazakhstan asof1December2023 Publicsectormanagement $2.6billion Transport$2.2billion Finance$T.2billion Energy$427.5million Agriculture,naturalresources,andruraldevelopment$T9T.5million Waterandotherurbaninfrastructureservices$38.9million Multisector$60.3million Education$67.6million Others$9.9million Tradeandsupplychainfinanceprogram$T5million Roadsbuiltorupgraded <2,000 kilometers Tradefacilitation 460,000tonsofcross-bordercargo/year 6Acces5stos,af0edrink0ingw0ater peopleinruralareas Capacitybuilding 2,000 governmentofficialstrained¹ Homeacquisition <3,200 womenborrowers ResultsofADB-AssistedProjectsandPrograms asof1December2023 Environmentalprotection T50,000 tonsofCO2e/year²avoidedannually 20Womenentrepreneurshipdevelopment centerswereestablishedacrossKazakhstan Businessdevelopmentsupport 30,000 SMEs˙developedtheirbusinesses Pandemicassistancetovulnerablegroups T45,000 medicalkitsdistributedduringtheCOVID-19pandemic ¹Totalfor2013–2023activitiesundertheKnowledgeandExperienceExchangeProgram.SCO,e=carbondioxideequivalent. 3Small-andmedium-sizedenterprises F ollowingindependence,Kazakhstanhadtobuildanewpoliticalsystemandaneweconomy.Toaddressthesocioeconomicchallengesassociatedwiththis Timeline KazakhstanisthefirstcountryinCentralAsiatojoinADB. transformation,thecountrysoughtforeigninvestmentandtechnicalassistance,andestablishedpartnershipswithinternationalorganizations. ADBcommencesrehabilitationofa192-kilometerroadsectionoftheAlmaty–AstanaRoad. KazakhstanratifiestheTechnicalAssistanceFrameworkAgreement,layingthefoundationofthefutureADB–Kazakhstanpartnership. T994 T995 T996 T997 ADBprovidessupporttotheGovernmentof Kazakhstaninstrengtheningandacceleratingagriculturesectorpolicyreforms. AchapteronKazakhstan’seconomicprospectsandchallengesispublishedforthefirsttimeintheAsianDevelopmentOutlook—ADB’sflagshippublication. Aprojecttopromoteefficientirrigationandenhancefarmproductivityon32,500hectaresoflandinthesouthernKazakhstanregionisapproved. KazakhstanjoinstheCentralAsianRegionalEconomicCooperationProgram(CAREC).Sincethen,CARECinvestmentsinthecountryhavereachedabout$10billion. ADBapprovesaprojecttoimprovetheefficiencyandsafetyoftheprincipalsubregionalroadbetweenAlmatyCityinKazakhstanandBishkekCityintheKyrgyz Republic,helpingcreateanimprovedregionalnetworkandpromoteregionaleconomicintegration. ADBinauguratesanofficeinAlmaty. ADBprovidesnewcomputers,languagelaboratoryequipment,andrelatedsoftwareforselectedschoolsinthecountry. T998T999 2000 200T 2002 FollowingthetransferofthecapitalcityandmostgovernmentofficesfromAlmatytoAstana,theKazakhstanResidentMissionopensinAstana.ItsoriginalofficeinAlmatybecomesaliaisonofficetoserveADB’svisitingmissionstoKazakhstanandotherCentralAsiancountries. ADBapprovesthefirstcountrystrategyandprogramforKazakhstan,focusingonsupportingthegovernment’sreformagenda,educationandtraining,andinfrastructure. ADBsupportstheKazakhstanCentralBankinstrengtheningthecountry’smonetaryframeworkandestablishingassetsandriskmanagementsystemsinlinewithinternationalbestpractices. ThegovernmentandADBsignaPovertyPartnershipAgreementthatsetstheirvisionforreducingpovertyinthecountry. ADBissuesitsfirstlocalcurrencybondsamountingto6billiontengetosupportfinancialandinfrastructuresectordevelopment. 200320042005 2006 2007 ADBstartsaprojectaimedatimprovinglivingandhealthconditionsofpeopleinruralareasbyprovidingbasicwatersupplyandsanitationservices. ThefirstcountrygenderassessmentispreparedforKazakhstansupportingthegovernmenteffortstopromotegenderequalityandmainstreamgenderintonationalpovertyreductionstrategies. ADBapprovesaloantohelpimprovea65-kilometerTarazbypassroadinZhambylRegion. AprojecttohelpKazakhstanbuildanefficienttransportnetworkalongasectionoftheShymkent-TashkentRoadcommences. ADBprovidescountercyclicalsupporttohelpthecountrymitigatetheimpactoftheglobaleconomiccrisis. 20082009 20T0 20TT 20T2 ADBfinancestherehabilitationofa470-kilometerroadsectionalongtheWesternEurope–WesternPeople’sRepublicofChinatransportcorridortoprovidebetter,safer,cheaper,andfasterconnectivity. Amultitranchefinancingfacilitytoreconstruct 790kilometersofroadsinMangystauRegionis approvedtomakeiteasi