This report explores the importance of hygiene practices across different stages of life, focusing on diarrhoea, menstrual hygiene, slums, and respiratory hygiene. The research was conducted by The Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by the Reckitt Global Hygiene Institute. The report was compiled through extensive literature review and expert interviews. The findings suggest that good hygiene practices are essential for reducing the burden of disease associated with hygiene practices. The report concludes by highlighting the need for policymakers to consider a life-course approach to hygiene and to prioritize efforts to improve hygiene practices in slums and among older people.