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2023 年全球能源回顾

电气设备2023-10-01-EniD***

AI智能总结

The World Energy Review 2023 highlights the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the global energy market, leading to a drastic change in monetary policies and a reconsideration of energy flows. The world primary energy consumption grows at a rate close to 1% in 2022, with fossil fuels still covering about 80% of energy demand. Oil prices increase by 43% y/y, with demand growth of 2.2 Mb/d to 100 Mb/d, and production increasing by 4.3 Mb/d, mainly in Gulf OPEC countries. The share of Light crudes decreases in favor of Medium and Heavy crudes. Gas prices reach significantly high levels, affecting downstream commodities. The share of renewables in the energy mix grows, but their weight remains limited at just 3%.

WorldEnergyReview 2023 WorldEnergyReview 2023 In2022theenergymarket,whichwasgraduallyrecoveringfromCovidpandemic,experiencedanewdiscontinuityduetotheRussianinvasionofUkraine. Thewarhadmajorramificationsontheglobaleconomy,thedrasticchangeinthemonetarypoliciesofCentralBanks,the needtoreconsiderenergyflowswiththeexclusionofRussia’soilandgasvolumes. IntheWorldEnergyReview(WER),nowatits22ndedition,theevolutionofthemainenergyvariablesisdepicted:oil,gas,newrenewablesandcriticalminerals.Specifically,in2022,thefollowinghighlightsemerge: •WorldEnergyMix-Worldprimaryenergyconsumptiongrowsataratecloseto1%vs.2021,confirmingthealmostun-brokentrendofrecentdecades.Intermsofcomposition,fossilfuelscontinuetocoverabout80%ofenergydemand,anamountthathasbeenessentiallystablefor30years.Theshareofrenewables(solarandwind)intheenergymixgrows,buttheirweightstillremainslimited,atjust3%. •Oil-Pricesup43%y/y(Brentat101.2$/b),amidcontinuingdemandgrowth(+2.2Mb/d)to100Mb/d,almostfullyrecoveringfromthepandemic-relatedloss(-0.7%vs2019)withanequalcontributionbetweenOECD(+1.1Mb/d)andnon-OECD(+1.1Mb/d).Worldoilproductionincreasesby4.3Mb/d,withgrowthconcentratedinGulfOPECcountriesduetotheunwindingof2020cuts.Intermsofcrudequality,ahaltinthebarrellighteningprocessisconfirmed,withaslightdecreaseintheshareofLightcrudesinfavorofMediumandHeavycrudes.Netrefiningcapacityreturnstogrowin2022withtheentryofnewprojectsintheMiddleEastandChinaamountingtojustunder2Mb/d. •Gas-Pricesreachsignificantlyhighlevelsdirectlyaffectingdownstreamcommodities,foremostamongthemelectricity,withmajorimpactsonconsumers,governments,productionsystems,andtheentireglobaleconomy.Thermalyear2021/22beginswithsignificantlyreducedinventoriesandgasprices7timeshigherthanonOctober1,2020.EuropecompensatestheshortfallinpipelineimportsfromRussiamainlybyattractingadditionalLNGvolumes,payshigherprices,andlosesitstraditionalroleasaglobalbalancerbybecomingthepremiummarketcapableofgeneratingpressureonallmajorgaspriceindices.Globalgasdemandoverallin2022fallsbymorethan1%,afterapost-pandemicreboundin2021(˜+5%),withdivergentdynamicsonaglobalscale:sharpbrakinginEurope,Russia,andAsia,onlypartiallyoffsetbygrowthintheUSandMiddleEast. •Renewables-Althoughinstallationshavebeengrowingexponentiallyinrecentyears,theshareofsolarandwindintheelectricitygenerationmixhasrisentojustabove10%,comparedwithmorethan60%generatedbyfossilfuels(including36%ofthetotalgeneratedbycoal). •Criticalminerals(cobalt,copper,lithium,nickel,rareearthsandsilicon)-Theyplayakeyroleinsomekeytransi-tion-relatedtechnologies:batteries(cobalt,lithiumandnickel),wind(rareearths)andsolar(silicon).Mostofthemshowsignificantgrowthintermsofproduction,alsoreflectingincreaseddemand.Nickelandlithiummarkthelargestincrease(over20%). Finally,itisworthmentioninghowthenewenergysetuphasalsoaffectedCO2emissionsfromfuelcombustion,whichspikedagain(+1%,afterthepostcovidrecoveryrecordedin2021),resultingfromtheincreaseincoalconsumption. ClaudioDescalzi ChiefExecutiveOfficerandGeneralManager 4 EniWorldEnergyReview2023 Introduction 8LISTOFCOUNTRIES 9NOTESANDMETHODS 12WORLDENERGYMIX 12WorldEnergyMix2022 12WorldPowerCapacityMix2022 13WorldPowerGenerationMix2022 Oil-SupplyandDemand 16RESERVES 16AreasandAggregates 18TheWorldTop10ReservesHolders 19Countries 23PRODUCTION 23AreasandAggregates 25TheWorldTop10Producers 26Countries 29TheWorldTop10NaturalGasLiquidsProducers 30RESERVES/PRODUCTIONRATIO 30AreasandAggregates 31TheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyReserves/ProductionRatio 32Countries 35CONSUMPTION 35AreasandAggregates 37TheWorldTop10Consumers 38Countries 43PERCAPITACONSUMPTION 43AreasandAggregates 44TheWorldTop10ConsumersRankedbyPerCapitaConsumptionRatio 45Countries 50PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION RATIO 50AreasandAggregates 51TheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyProduction/ConsumptionRatio 52Countries Oil-TradeandPrices 58REGIONALCRUDEBALANCES 58CrudeSurplusDeficitbyArea 59EXPORTS 59TheWorldTop10Exporters 60Countries 64IMPORTS 64TheWorldTop10Importers 65Countries 70CRUDEFUTUREPRICESANDOPENINTERESTS Oil-ProductionQuality 74WORLD 74CrudeProductionbyQuality 74CrudeProductionbyGravity 74CrudeProductionbySulphurContent 75QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 76CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 77EUROPE 77CrudeProductionbyQuality 77QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 78CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 79Countries 80RUSSIAANDCENTRALASIA 80CrudeProductionbyQuality 81QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 82CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 83Countries 84MIDDLEEAST 84CrudeProductionbyQuality 85QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 86CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 87Countries 89AFRICA 89CrudeProductionbyQuality 90QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 91CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 92Countries 95ASIA-PACIFIC 95CrudeProductionbyQuality 96QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 97CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 98Countries 100AMERICAS 100CrudeProductionbyQuality 101QualityandProductionVolume ofMainCrudes 102CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart 103Countries Oil-RefiningIndustry 108REFININGCAPACITY

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