The IMF Working Paper WP/23/27 presents a model to estimate the investment required to achieve universal broadband access. The authors estimate that approximately $418 billion is needed to connect all unconnected citizens globally, targeting 40-50 GB per month. The study was partially financed by the European Union under the EU-IMF Public Financial Management Partnership Program (PFM-PP). The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.
