基准测试土耳其人工智能劳动力准备情况：利用LinkedIn数据进行多维度全球比较

DISCUSSION PAPER No. 2625 | APRIL 2026 Benchmarking Türkiye’s AIWorkforce Readiness:AMultidimensional Global Freeha FatimaEfsan Nas ÖzenDhushyanth Raju Series Description The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper series presents analysis and research that informs policy dialogue andoperational practice across social protection, social development, and labor markets. Social Protection: the collection covers the full lifecycle of Social Assistance, Social Insurance, Care, and Social Labor: the collection covers Active and Passive Labor Market Programs, Training and Skills Development, YouthEmployment, Economic Inclusion, and International Labor Mobility and Migration. SocialDevelopment:the collection covers Community and Local Development,Inclusion,Cohesion,Forced Across all areas, the series highlights cross-cutting issues such as Climate Change, Fragility and Conflict, and Copyright © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington DC 20433 Telephone: +1 (202) 473 1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org.This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1 (202) 522 Benchmarking Türkiye’s AI Workforce Readiness:A Multidimensional Global Comparison Using LinkedIn Data Freeha FatimaEfşan Nas ÖzenDhushyanth RajuArtificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping labor markets, with countries increasingly differentiated by the depth, breadth, and distribution of AI-related capabilities. This paper benchmarks Türkiye’sAI workforce readiness using LinkedIn skill and hiring data within a consistent cross-countrycomparison framework. The analysis examines eight dimensions of readiness: AI engineeringdepth, AI literacy, foundational and disruptive digital skills, sectoral specialization, employerdemand,hiring momentum,exposure to generative AI,and international mobility of AIprofessionals.The evidence places Türkiye in an intermediate position in the cross-countrydistribution, generally below frontier economies and, in several dimensions, closer to the lowersegment of the distribution. Foundational digital capability exceeds the global reference average,while AI literacy is expanding but remains below levels observed in higher-performing countries.The density of advanced AI engineering talent remains limited relative to frontier economies, andcapability is unevenly embedded across sectors, with stronger presence in technology-orientedactivities and higher disruption exposure in financial services. Employer demand is anchored in Keywords:Artificial intelligence; digital skills; labor market structure; technological diffusion;workforce capability; skill formation; labor demand; talent mobility; cross-country comparison. JEL codes: J23; J24; J61; O14; O33 1.Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping labor markets in uneven ways across countries. Differencesin digital infrastructure, workforce composition, sectoral specialization, and institutional capacityshape how rapidly and broadly AI technologies are adopted. As firms integrate AI tools intoproduction, management, and service delivery, countries are increasingly differentiated by thedepth of their technical talent, the breadth of their digital capabilities, and the structure ofopportunities available to skilled workers. The capacity to design, deploy, and use AI systems isclosely linked to productivity growth and competitive positioning in the global economy Assessing workforce readiness for AI requires more than a single metric. The diffusion of AIdepends on multiple layers of capability, including engineering depth, foundational digitalcompetence,sector-specific specialization, employer demand dynamics, hiring momentum,exposure patterns, and international mobility of skilled workers (Kergroach and Héritier 2025;OECD 2025a; World Bank 2025). These components are interdependent but unevenly distributedacross sectors and worker groups. Analyses that focus on a single dimension risk obscuring how This paper develops such a framework using LinkedIn skill and hiring data to compare Türkiyewith a consistent set of countries. It examines eight dimensions of AI workforce readiness: AIengineering depth, AI literacy, foundational and disruptive digital skills, sectoral