2025创新未来电力系统研究报告：从愿景迈向行动

From Vision to Action FEBRUARY 2025 Contents Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1I. A Clean and Prosperous Energy Future Relies on Innovation and Dynamism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4II. Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12III. Implications of the Innovation Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48IV. Action Plans for Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53The Electricity Technology, Regulation, and Market Design Working Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Report Part Title: Executive Summary Report Title: Innovating Future Power SystemsReport Subtitle: From Vision to ActionReport Author(s): American Enterprise InstitutePublished by: American Enterprise Institute (2025)Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep67821.3 Executive Summary The global energy landscape is transforming, andnowhere is this more evident than the electricity sec-tor. Technological advancements, shifting economicconditions, and evolving environmental policies areconverging to reshape the way power systems operate.This report explores the implications of these changes for the future of power systems, focusing onthe intersection of technology, regulation, and marketdesign. It offers a vision for a dynamic, clean, pros-perous energy future that balances dependability,decarbonization, democratization, and justice, withinnovation playing a central role. The Challenge of Energy SystemTransformation The transformation of power systems is driven byseveral key factors: electrification trends, technolog-ical advances, and decarbonization. These changesare about not just reducing carbon emissions butalso integrating new technologies, improving resil-ience, and rethinking how systems are managed andregulated. These forces are exerting pressure on tra-ditional business models, regulatory institutions, andmarket designs. Thomas EdisonImage generated with AI by AdnanArif. Adobe Stock Images. consumers to play a more active role in electric-ity markets. As a result, the boundaries betweencentralized and decentralized power systems arebecoming increasingly blurred, challenging the reg-ulatory frameworks that have governed the industryfor decades. Traditional utilities, operating under acost-of-service regulatory model, are facing new opportuni-ties and challenges from distributed energy resourcessuch as solar, wind, and battery storage. Technolog-ical advancements, particularly in digitalization, areenabling new forms of energy management, allowing Historically, the electricity sector has focused onthree primary policy objectives: safety, affordability,and reliability. Evolving priorities in the electricitysector have introduced three additional dimensions:resilience, decarbonization, and justice. Balancing these six objectives will be critical to ensuring thesuccess of future power systems, but doing so willrequire significant innovation, both technologicaland institutional. •Dependability.As power systems becomemoredecentralized,ensuring reliability andresilience becomes more complex. Dependabil-ity must be redefined from aconsumer-centricperspective, focusing on providing consistent,reliable power while allowing consumers tochoose how they use and produce electricity. A Framework for a Clean and ProsperousFuture •Decarbonization.The shift to low-carbonenergy sources, such as wind, solar, and batterystorage, is reshaping power systems and creatingnew regulatory and market challenges and oppor-tunities. Achieving decarbonization will requiresignificant investment in grid modernization,energy storage, and renewable energy integra-tion, in addition to developing technologies likeadvanced geothermal and advanced nuclear. To navigate changing power systems, this report pres-ents a framework centered around six key concepts:digitalization,decentralization,democratization,dependability, decarbonization, and justice. Theseinterrelated concepts provide a holistic approach tounderstanding the challenges and opportunities thatlie ahead. •Digitalization.The integration of advancedtechnologies such as smart meters, sensors,and automation into the grid is transforminghow electricity systems operate. Digitalizationenablesreal-time monitoring, optimizes gridoperations, and facilitates the integration of dis-tributed energy resour