Beyond Connections Energy Access Diagnostic ReportBased on the Multi-Tier FrameworkPublic Disclosure Authorized BURUNDI Beyond Connections Energy Access Diagnostic Report Basedon the Multi-Tier Framework About ESMAP The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a partnership between theWorld Bankandover 20 partnersto help low- and middle-income countries reduce poverty and boost growth through sustainable energy solutions. ESMAP’sanalytical and advisory services are fully integrated within the World Bank’s country financing and policy dialogue in the energysector. Through the WB, ESMAP works to accelerate the energy transition required to achieveSustainable Development Goal7 (SDG7), which ensures access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. It helps shape WB strategiesand programs to achieve the WB Climate Change Action Plan targets. Learn more at:https://www.esmap.org. © December 2025 | International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of staff of the World Bank/ESMAP. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this workdo not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does notassume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of orfailure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored byothers does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adaptthis work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Nicolina Angelou, Aditi Sadia Rahman, and Bryan Bonsuk Koo. 2025. Burundi—Beyond Connections: Energy Access Diagnostic Report Based on the Multi-Tier Framework. Washington, DC: The World Bank.License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: Thistranslation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The WorldBank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the soleresponsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-Party Content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work.The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third party-owned individual component or part containedin the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement restssolely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission isneeded for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but arenot limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H StreetNW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. PRODUCTION CREDITS Editor | Steven B. KennedyDesigner | Duina ReyesCover Image | ©UCP SOLEILAll images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission fromthe source. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .