2025年教育概览：经合组织指标

OECD Indicators Education at a Glance2025 OECD INDICATORS This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Please cite this publication as:OECD (2025),Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/1c0d9c79-en. ISBN 978-92-64-89238-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-81156-0 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-53498-8 (HTML) Education at a GlanceISSN 1563-051X (print)ISSN 1999-1487 (online) Photo credits:Cover © Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Governments are increasingly looking to international comparisons of educationsystemsas they develop policies toenhance individuals’ social and economic prospects, provide incentives for greaterefficiency in schooling, and help tomobilise resources to meet rising demands. The OECD Directorate for Education and Skills contributes to these effortsby developing and analysing quantitative, internationally comparable indicators that it publishes annually inEducationat a Glance. Together with OECD policywork, these indicators assist governments in building more effective andequitable education systems.Beyond government officials,Education at a Glancealso aims to support researcherswith datafor further analysis andhelpthe general publicunderstandhow their countries’education systems compareinternationally. Education at a Glanceis the product of a long-standing, collaborative effort between OECD governments, the expertsand institutions working within the framework of the OECD Indicators of Education Systems (INES) programme, andthe OECD Secretariat. It was prepared within the Innovation and Measuring Progress Division of the OECD Directoratefor Education and Skills under the responsibility ofEdmund Misson. The production ofEducation at a Glance 2025wasledby Abel Schumannandcontains statistical and analytical contributions from Étienne Albiser,Maria PaulaCaldas,Éric Charbonnier,Sophia de Berardinis,Darien Dinaro, Carsten Dolle, Sofía Gómez, Jaione González Yubero,Yanjun Guo, Corinne Heckmann, Viktoria Kis,Qi Kuang, Erika Lee, Bernardo Mayorga,Mara Merca, Alberto Naretto,Simon Normandeau,Maïa Pécaut, Giannina Rech,GaraRojas González,Özge Özcan Sahin,Giovanni MariaSemeraro,ChoyiWhangand Hajar Sabrina Yassine. Administrative support was provided byAmeline Besin andSpencer Matthews.Rachel Lindensupportedthe editorial and production process. The development of the publicationwas steered byINESmember countriesthrough the INES Working Party and facilitated by the INES networks. Themembers of the various bodies as well as the individual experts who havecontributed to this publication and to theINES programme more generally are listed at the end of this publication. INES member countries and the OECD continue to strive toprovid