负担得起和公平过渡的关键政策设计考虑因素（英）51份

Key Policy Design Considerations for Affordable and Fair Transitions

Introduction

On April 26, 2024, the International Energy Agency (IEA) hosted its inaugural Global Summit on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions. The summit brought together leaders from around the world to discuss key issues in clean energy transitions. To enhance people-centered and fair outcomes, the IEA announced the creation of the new Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions: Designing for Fairness. This commission is co-chaired by Teresa Ribera, Spain’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge, and Alexandre Silveira de Oliveira, Brazil’s Minister of Mines and Energy. The commission includes energy, climate, and labor leaders from governments worldwide, along with representatives from international organizations and civil society.

Background and Context

The Global Commission builds on the work of the 2021 Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions, which brought together key voices to examine the social dimensions of clean energy transitions. The 30 members developed a series of recommendations organized into four categories:

1. Decent Jobs and Worker Protection
2. Social and Economic Development
3. Equity, Social Inclusion, and Fairness
4. People as Active Participants

The IEA also published a Global Observatory, a set of over 100 case studies that serve as best practices and illustrative measures necessary to implement these recommendations effectively.

Recent Report: Strategies for Affordable and Fair Clean Energy Transitions

The recently released IEA report, "Strategies for Affordable and Fair Clean Energy Transitions," examines the affordability aspects of clean energy transitions. The analysis shows that the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario's 1.5°C pathway is less costly globally compared to a pathway based on today’s policy settings, due to lower running costs of a rapidly decarbonizing energy system. However, making this transition requires significant investment from governments, businesses, and households.

Key Policy Design Considerations

To ensure affordability and fairness in clean energy transitions, the paper outlines seven key questions:

1. Realizing Decent Jobs for Workers in Clean Energy Transitions
2. Integrating Social Inclusion into Workforce Development Policies
3. Delivering Universal Access to Affordable Energy as Part of Clean Energy Transitions
4. Ensuring Low-Income and Marginalized Communities Can Afford Clean Energy Technologies
5. Maximizing Socio-Economic Benefits through Clean Energy Policies
6. Determining the Fair Distribution of Benefits and Costs through Policy Design
7. Putting Meaningful Participation of All Stakeholders at the Heart of Clean Energy Transitions

Best Practices and Case Studies

The paper presents selected best practices from various countries to demonstrate how these challenges can be overcome. These practices highlight effective strategies for addressing the complexities of clean energy transitions.

Future Work

The Global Commission will begin a second phase of work in October 2024, aligning with COP30, hosted by Brazil.

This summary provides a comprehensive overview of the key policy design considerations and the ongoing efforts to ensure affordable and fair transitions to clean energy.