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2024年趋势:转型时期的欧洲高等教育机构研究报告

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2024年趋势:转型时期的欧洲高等教育机构研究报告

European higher educationinstitutions in times oftransition By Michael Gaebel and Thérèse ZhangCo-author: Henriette Stoeber This publication is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC This information may be freely used and copied for non-commercialpurposes,provided that the source is acknowledged(EuropeanUniversity Association). European University Association asbl Rue du Rhône 114Case postale 31741211 Geneva 3, Switzerland+41 22 552 02 96 Avenue de l’Yser 241040 BrusselsBelgium+32 (0) 2 230 55 44 Table of contents Figures and tables5 Foreword7 Chapter 1 - The Trends 2024 survey 1.1. Aims141.2. The Trends 2024 questionnaire141.3. The survey sample15 2.1. Institutions’ views on European policies and actions192.2. Institutions’ views on national reforms222.3. Institutional responses to change252.4. Consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic282.5. Preparedness for digital transformation292.6. Greening and sustainable development302.7. Fundamental values302.8. International solidarity: supporting academics and students at risk32 Chapter 3 - Higher education missions36 3.1. Multiple institutional missions: opportunities and challenges373.2. Interconnecting education and research38 3.3. Support for teaching393.4. Recognition of teaching in career assessment403.5. The increasing importance of the third mission423.6. Equity, diversity and inclusion44 Chapter 4 - Students at the centre 49 4.1. The student population504.2. Towards student-centred learning: the learning outcome approach to curricula564.3. Modes of study594.4. More flexibility for students614.5. Measures to support students’ employability64 Chapter 5 - The rise of non-degree education66 5.1. The existing offer in non-degree education5.2. Non-degree education offers and their learners5.3. Complementarity of degree and non-degree education 676969 6.1. Internationalisationà l’européenne726.2. Student mobility736.3. Virtual exchanges786.4. Staff mobility806.5. Joint education offers806.6. Institutional preparedness for internationalisation82 Conclusions and ways forward Figures and tables Figure 1:Trends 2024 survey participants by country16Figure 2:Size of participating institutions in student numbers17Figure 3:Community primarily served17Figure 4:Importance of European strategies, initiatives and funding programmes21Figure 5:Important national reforms, past five years23Figure 6:Developments impacting institutions’ overall strategy, past five years26Figure 7:Internal policies implemented29Figure 8:Green transition or environmental sustainability strategies30Figure 9:Fundamental values in the past five years31Figure 10:Participation in institutions’ governance, past five years32Figure 11:Hosting at-risk backgrounds33Figure 12:Supporting Ukrainian higher education34Figure 13:Impact of war in Ukraine on universities’ relationship with Russia and/or Belarus35Figure 14:Areas of importance to the institution37Figure 15:Primary mission – education or research38Figure 16:Support to teaching staff39Figure 17:Role and function of learning and teaching centres40Figure 18:Role of performance evaluations in career progression of teaching staff41Figure 19:Third mission and services to society (i)42Figure 20:Top three activities for community engagement and service to society42Figure 21:Third mission and service to society (ii)43 Figure 22:Equity, diversity and inclusion45Figure 23:Aspects addressed in inclusion policies46Figure 24:Past and future trends in student enrolment51Figure 25:Implementation of learning outcomes56Figure 26:Progression in the implementation of learning outcomes since 201057Figure 27:Issues encountered when implementing learning outcomes58Figure 28:Increases post-Covid 1960Figure 29:Flexibility for students63Figure 30:Offer of non-degree programmes or courses (learning certificates, badges or micro-credentials)67Figure 31:Mobility challenges76Figure 32:Problems with recognition for students returning from credit mobility77Figure 33:Virtual mobility79Figure 34:Joint offer81Figure 35:International exchange and collaboration83 Table 1:Country-specific trends for highly important national reforms24Table 2:Country-specific trends, highly important developments impacting institutions’ overall strategy, past five years27Table 3:Development trends of institutions’ financial means in the last five years27Table 4:Post-Covid-19 increases28Table 5:Countries with decreasing student numbers52Table 6:Factors influencing country-specific trends in student enrolment53Table 7:Average percentage of students that study in different modes60Table 8:Mobility rates at institutions75 Foreword The European University Association (EUA) Trends 2024 report presents theresponses of Europe’s higher education sector to ongoing European policyreform developments, in the context of wider societal changes. increasingly managing diverse student profiles and cohorts, leading to areflection on what flexible learning could and sh