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全球智能电网技术专利数据综述（英）2024

电气设备2024-07-15国际能源署张***

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A Global Review of Patent Data for Smart Grid Technologies

Summary:

This comprehensive report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) focuses on the critical role of smart grid technologies in the evolving energy landscape, particularly in managing the clean energy transition. It leverages the European Patent Office (EPO) PATSTAT database to analyze trends in smart grid innovation, pinpointing timing, locations, and sub-sectors of advancement.

Key Findings:

Trends in Smart Grid Innovation: The analysis reveals that smart grid innovation reached a peak of 2,000 unique inventions in 2011, accounting for 11% of total power sector innovations. This trend shifted, with a rise to 13% in 2022, in alignment with the IEA's Net Zero by 2050 scenario.
Geographical Distribution: Smart grid innovation has predominantly been centered in East Asia (mainly Japan and China), which has consistently led with over 50% of total innovations since 2007. North America (primarily the US) and Western Europe (mainly Germany) follow, sharing the remainder of smart grid inventions.
Specialization and Quality Assessment: Europe stands out as a hub for smart grid technology specialization, as indicated by the Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA). In contrast, Japan, the US, and China show lower RTAs, suggesting a less pronounced specialization in smart grid innovation.
Concentrated Innovation Model: More than 40% of smart grid innovations occur in ten major cities globally, highlighting a concentrated innovation pattern. Key metropolitan areas include Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, Nagoya, Nuremberg, and the San Francisco Bay Area.
Quality Metrics: While family sizes have shrunk, indicating a shift towards protecting fewer aspects of an invention, there is an emphasis on assessing patent quality through measures of originality, patent claims, and backward citations.

The report underscores the importance of smart grid technologies in modernizing energy systems and supports informed decision-making for policymakers and investors by providing insights into innovation trends, geographical patterns, and quality assessments. This work contributes to the IEA's broader initiative aimed at facilitating a secure and sustainable energy future worldwide.

AGlobalReviewofPatentDataforSmartGridTechnologies INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrum ofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits 31membercountries, 13associationcountriesandbeyond. Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea. Source:IEA. InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.org IEAmembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanada CzechRepublicDenmarkEstonia FinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuania LuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugal SlovakRepublicSpain SwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStates TheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEA IEAassociationcountries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingapore SouthAfricaThailandUkraine IEA.CCBY4.0. Abstract Thecleanenergytransitionincreaseselectricitydemandandrequiresmorewindandsolarpower,stressingpowergrids.Smartgridtechnologiescanmanagethistransition,reducetheneedforcostlynewinfrastructure,andimprovegridresilienceandreliability.Understandinginnovationintheareaenablesinformeddecision-makingforpolicymakersandinvestors.ThisreportdrawsupontheanalysisofTheEuropeanPatentOffice(EPO)PATSTATpatentsdatabasewhichprovidesahighlyvaluablesourceofinformationtoquantifyinnovation.Itanalysestrendsinsmartgridtechnologyinnovation,detailingthetiming,locations,andsubsectorsoftheseadvancements.Byexamininginnovationatthecitylevelituncoversthegeographicalmodelofsmartgridinnovation.Additionally,thisreportmeasuressmartgridsspecialisationusingmetricsdevelopedbytheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),suchastheRevealedTechnologyAdvantage(RTA)tounderstandifacountryspecialisesincertaintechnologiesrelatedtotherestoftheworld.Furthermore,itevaluatespatentqualityusingOECD-developedmeasuressuchasoriginalityandpatentclaims. IEA.CCBY4.0. Acknowledgements,contributorsandcredits ThisreportwaspreparedbytheDataDevelopmentandSupportUnitintheEnergyDataCentre(EDC)oftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).KonstantinaKalogianniwastheleadauthorandco-ordinatedtheanalysisandproductionofthereportwithamajorcontributionbyAshleyAcker. AloysNghiem,HeadoftheDataDevelopmentandSupportUnit,providedguidanceonthedevelopmentofthereport.ValuablecommentsandstrategicdirectionwereprovidedNickJohnstone,ChiefStatisticianandHeadoftheEnergyDataCentre. SimonBennettandBrendanReidenbachprovidedinvaluablecommentsandfeedbackonthereport.HélèneDernis(STIDivision)andIvanHascic(ENVDivision)fromtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)alsoplayedakeyroleintransferringOECDpatentknowledgeandexpertisetotheIEA.ThereportwaseditedbyJustinFrench-Brooks. ThanksgototheIEA'sInformationSystemUnit;inparticulartoNestorAbrahamandIvoLetraforsettingupthedatainfrastructurethatallowedthisanalysis. TheIEAwouldalsoliketothankAntonelloMonti(Professor,InstituteDirectoratRWTHAachenUniversity),theexpertwhoprovidedvaluableinputs,reviewandencouragement. ThisworkformspartoftheDigitalDemand-DrivenElectricityNetworksInitiative,supportedbytheCleanEnergyTransitionsProgramme,theIEA’sflagshipinitiativetohelpenergysystemsworldwidemovetowardsasecureandsustainablefutureforall. Forfurtherinformation,pleasecontact:Konstantina.Kalogianni@iea.org. IEA.CCBY4.0. Tableofcontents Executivesummary6 Introduction7 Chapter1.Maintrendsinsmartgridinnovation8 TrendsintheprimarygroupingsofsmartgridIPFs10 Systemssupportingelectricpowergeneration,transmissionordistribution11 Technologyareasofinterest12 Geographicaldistributionofsmartgridinnovation13 Chapter2.Revealedtechnologyadvantageforsmartgridinnovation21 GeneralRTA21 RTAwithinthepowersector24 Chapter3.Assessingthequalityofsmartgridinventions26 Familysize26 Patentclaims28 Originality30 Backwardcitations33 Methodology35 Datafilters35 Dataassumptions36 Datametrics37 References39 Executivesummary Inthepursuitofacleanerenergysector,smartgridtechnologiesarepivotalinmodernisingaconsistentlyoverloadedgrid.Inthisreportwefocusonanalysingtrendsinsmartgridtechnologyinnovation,showcasingwhere,whenandinwhichsubsectorsinnovationisoccurringandrevealingspecialisationandpatentqualitywithinthesector. 2011sawapeakinsmartgridinnovationwith2000uniqueinventionsproduced,representing11%ofpowersectorinnovations.Followingaperiodofdecline,therelativeshareofsmartgridinnovationsincreasedto13%in2022,aligningwiththetrajectoryoftheIEANetZeroby2050Scenario. In2020technologiesrelatedtomonitoringorcontrollingequipmentforenergygenerationunitsandsupportingpowernetworkoperationormanagementcollectivelyaccountedfor41%oftotalsmartgridpatentregistrations–thelargestshareamongallsmartgridcategories.Thisincreasedsharemaybelinkedtotherisingcapitalinvestmentin

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