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创新治理以实现公正的能源转型：加强私营部门参与的公共政策（英）2024

公用事业2024-06-25UNDP杨***

AI智能总结

Executive Summary

The international community faces an unprecedented challenge in transitioning to a sustainable and just energy system. This challenge necessitates a proactive approach from governments to catalyze private sector participation, ensuring that the transition is equitable and benefits all segments of society. The essence of this transition lies in effective governance, which encompasses setting ambitious yet achievable targets, creating a robust regulatory framework, providing fiscal incentives, and optimizing procedures to facilitate private sector engagement.

Context and Introduction

Against the backdrop of escalating climate change and the imperative to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, governments play a pivotal role in shaping a just energy transition. The International Labour Organization defines a 'just transition' as an inclusive approach that maximizes economic opportunities while minimizing negative impacts on workers and communities, ensuring everyone benefits from the shift towards cleaner energy sources.

Pillar 1: Direct Public Policy Actions

National Net-Zero Targets and Roadmaps: Establishing clear, actionable plans and setting targets for net-zero emissions by 2050.
Regulatory Frameworks and Enforcement: Implementing comprehensive regulations to govern the energy sector, ensuring compliance and enforcement mechanisms.
Subsidies and Fiscal Incentives: Offering financial support and tax breaks to encourage investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency.
Optimizing and Rationalizing Procedures: Streamlining processes to reduce barriers for private sector engagement in the energy sector.

Pillar 2: Strategies for Strengthening Partnerships

Innovative Project and Portfolio Financing: Encouraging creative financing models to fund sustainable projects.
Start-Up and Innovation Accelerators: Supporting new businesses and innovations that drive the energy transition.
University-Industry Partnerships for Innovation: Facilitating collaboration between academia and industry to foster technological advancements.
Business Connections: Building networks that connect businesses to resources, markets, and opportunities.
Green Jobs Workforce Development: Training and hiring individuals for roles that contribute to a sustainable economy.
Just Energy Transition Partnerships: Collaborating across sectors to align economic growth with environmental sustainability.
Joint Ventures and Alliances: Promoting strategic partnerships that enhance the transition to clean energy.

Conclusion

This Action Brief aims to empower governments and the private sector in advancing a just energy transition, focusing on the synergy between policy, governance, and private sector engagement. It serves as a companion to UNDP's Energy Governance framework, specifically addressing the need for effective policy and regulatory structures. By integrating strategies from Pillars 1 and 2, governments can create a supportive environment that encourages innovation, promotes sustainable economic growth, and ensures a fair transition for all stakeholders. This initiative aligns with global development goals, particularly SDGs 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 13 (Climate Action), 16 (Peaceful and Inclusive Societies), and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), fostering a resilient, sustainable, and equitable future for the planet and its inhabitants.

InnovatingGoveínancefoíaJustEneígyTíansition:EnhancingPublicPoliciesfoíPíivateSectoíPaíticipation 1 June2024 TableofContents EXECUTIVESUMMARY2 THECONTEXTANDINTRODUCTION5 PILLAR1:DIRECTPUBLICPOLICYACTIONS12 1.1.NATIONALNET-ZEROTARGETSANDROADMAPS12 1.2.REGULATORYFRAMEWORKSANDENFORCEMENT15 1.3.SUBSIDIESANDOTHERFISCALINCENTIVES20 1.4.OPTIMIZINGANDRATIONALIZINGPROCEDURES24 PILLAR2:STRATEGIESFORSTRENGTHENINGPARTNERSHIPS31 2.1INNOVATIVEPROJECTANDPORTFOLIOFINANCING31 2.2START-UPANDINNOVATIONACCELERATORS34 2.3SCALINGUNIVERSITY-INDUSTRYPARTNERSHIPSFORINNOVATION37 2.4FACILITATINGBUSINESSCONNECTIONS38 2.5BUILDINGAGREENJOBSWORKFORCE39 2.6JUSTENERGYTRANSITIONPARTNERSHIPS41 2.7JOINTVENTURESANDOTHERALLIANCES42 CONCLUSION44 *Note:ThisActionBíiefiswíittentoassistmembeícountíiesinadvancingjusteneígytíansition.ItseívesasacompaniondocumentfoíUNDP'sEneígyGoveínancefíamewoík,specificallyaligningwithFocusAíea2:PolicyandRegulatoíyFíamewoík. EXECUTIVESUMMARY Inthefaceofacceleíatingclimatechange,ouígeneíationstandsatacíucialcíossíoads.Theíesponsibilitytoadvanceglobalpíogíesshasneveíbeenmoíeuígent,withtheimpeíativetoachievenet-zeíoemissionsby2050atthefoíefíontofthischallenge.Thismonumentaltaskbegstheguidingquestion:Howcangoveínmentscatalyzethepíivatesectoí'síoleinensuíingasustainableandjusteneígytíansitionthatfosteísdevelopment? Asweendeavoítomitigatetheadveíseeffectsofclimatechange,itbecomescleaíthatthisisnotmeíelyanenviíonmentalissuebutagoveínanceone.Effective,inclusive,andaccountablegoveínanceisessentialfoístíengtheningpíivatesectoípaíticipationandfacilitatingajusteneígytíansition.Publicpolicy,asacoíneístoneofeneígygoveínance,ispivotaliníeducinggíeenhousegasemissionsandenablingatíansitionthatisequitablefoíall. TheInteínationalLabouíOíganization(ILO)definesajusttíansitionasafaiíandinclusiveappíoachtogíeeningtheeconomy,emphasizingthecíeationofdecentwoíkoppoítunities,andensuíingnooneisleftbehind.Itsays,“AJustTíansitioninvolvesmaximizingthesocialandeconomicoppoítunitiesofclimateaction,whileminimizingandcaíefullymanaginganychallenges–includingthíougheffectivesocialdialogueamongallgíoupsimpacted,andíespectfoífundamentallabouípíinciplesandíights”.Whileambitiousclimateactioncoulddeliveíupto18millionnetjobsby2030,1dispaíitiesinjobcíeation 1Investinclimateeducationtobuildabetteíwoíkfoícefoíagíeeneífutuíe,InteínationalLabouíOíganiation,22Apíil2021,Accessat:https://www.ilo.oíg/global/about-the-ilo/newsíoom/news/WCMS_781859/lang--en/index.htm andlossesacíossdiffeíentíegionsundeíscoíethenecessityofeffectivegoveínancemechanismstoshapepoliciesthatattíactpíivatesectoíinvolvementwhilealigningwithdecaíbonizationgoals. Thisalsoemphasizesthecíiticalíoleofpolicyfíamewoíksthatnotonlyincentivizepíivatesectoíengagementbutalsoensuíetíanspaíency,accountability,andacommitmenttodecaíbonization.Byfosteíinganinnovativeandinvestment-fíiendlyenviíonment,goveínancestíuctuíescanpíopeleconomicgíowth,technologicaladvancement,andthecíeationofdecentwoík–joboppoítunitieswhichpíovideadequateeaínings,safewoíkenviíonments,andsocialsecuíityintheaffectedíegions,allwhileadvancingtowaídsouínet-zeíoobjective. Moíeoveí,goveínmentsmustnavigatethedelicatebalanceofpushingfoíeconomicdevelopmentwithintheconstíaintsoftheeaíth'splanetaíyboundaíies,ensuíingasustainablefutuíewheíehumanitycanthíive.Cíossingtheseboundaíiesincíeasestheíiskofgeneíatinglaíge-scaleabíuptoíiííeveísibleenviíonmentalchanges.2Thisalsoinvolvesthepíivatesectoíaligningpíofitmotiveswithenviíonmentalstewaídshipandhumaníights,guidedbypíinciplessuchasthoseoutlinedinUNDP'sBusinessandHumanRightsinitiatives,3fosteíingahaímoniousbalancebetweeneconomicpíospeíityandsocietalwell-being. Iníesponsetotheguidingquestion,thisactionbíiefdeliveíspolicyinsightsandexamplesaimedatempoweíingthepíivatesectoítosignificantlycontíibutetoajusteneígytíansition.Itaíticulatesatwo-píongedstíategytailoíedfoíglobalapplication,allowingpolicymakeístocustomizethesestíategiestotheiíuniquenationalcontexts. Theinitialappíoachemphasizespíoactivegoveínmentalinteíventions,includingtheestablishmentofnationwideobjectivesandstíategicplans,theimplementationandoveísightofíegulatoíystíuctuíes,thepíovisionofdiíectfinancialsuppoítandincentives,alongwithinitiativesaimedatdíawinginvestmentsandtechnologicalpíogíess.Thesubsequentappíoachundeíscoíestheimpoítanceofenhancingcollaboíativeeffoíts,spotlightingfoíwaíd-thinkingfinancialaííangements,backingfoí 2Planetaíyboundaíies,StockholmResilienceCentíe,Novembeí10,2022,Accessat:https://www.stockholmíesilience.oíg/íeseaích/planetaíy-boundaíies.html 3UnitedNationsGuidingPíinciplesonBusinessandHumanRights,UNDP,Apíil30,2011,Accessat:https://www.undp.oíg/asia-pacific/bizhumaníights/publications/guiding-píinciples-business-and-human-íights 4 entíepíeneuíialventuíesandinnovationhubs,fíamewoíkstoamplifyandfacilitatemaíketíeadinessoftechnologies,theencouíagementofindustíylinkages,thecultivationofawoíkfoíceequippedfoíthegíeeneconomy,theadvancementofJustEneígyTíansitionPaítneíships(JETPs),andthesuppoítfoícoopeíativeventuíesandalli

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