2024气候危机中的创新与适应：技术新常态（英文版）- (1)

IncollaborationwithBostonConsultingGroup InnovationandAdaptationintheClimateCrisis: TechnologyfortheNewNormal INSIGHTREPORT JANUARY2024 Images:GettyImages Contents Foreword3 Executivesummary4 Introduction5 1Comprehendrisks(andopportunities)12 1.1Dronesfordatacollection14 1.2IoTandsensorsfordatacollection14 1.3Earthobservationforplanetaryintelligence15 1.4Artificialintelligence16 1.5AR/VRtovisualizeclimateimpacts19 1.6Advancedcomputingtopowerintelligence20 2Buildresilience21 2.1Climate-resilientinfrastructure24 2.2Climate-resilientfoodsystems25 2.3Resilientglobalsupplychains26 2.4Advancedearlywarningsystems27 3Responddynamically28 3.1Thefirst72hours30 3.2AIforhumanitariandatacollection30 3.3Earthobservationforpost-disasteranalytics31 3.4AIforpost-crisisdecision-making32 3.5Dronestooptimizesearch-and-rescueoperations33 3.6AItooptimizemobilityandevacuations33 4Multistakeholdercollaborationandkeyenablers35 4.1Opensourceistheunlock37 4.2Repositioningadaptationtoattractfinance40 4.3Policyandregulationasacatalyst41 Conclusion42 Contributors43 Endnotes45 Disclaimer ThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders. ©2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem. January2024 InnovationandAdaptationintheClimateCrisis: TechnologyfortheNewNormal Foreword HelenBurdett Head,TechnologyforEarth,WorldEconomicForum HamidMaherManagingDirectorandPartner,BostonConsultingGroup Recentyearshaveseenextremeweathereventswracktheglobe–fromthe2021floodinginGermanytothispastyear’swildfiresinHawaii,EasternCanadaandAustralia–leavinglittledoubtthattheimpactsofclimatechangearearriving. Theclimatescienceisclearthattheseimpactswillbecomemorevolatile:thecontinuationofcurrentemissionsandnaturedegradationcorrelatewithincreasedsudden-andslow-onseteventswithinthisdecade.Mitigatinggreenhousegas(GHG)emissionshasneverbeenmoreurgent.Atthesametime,communities,businessesandgovernmentsmustadapttopresentandoncomingchanges. Adaptationistheprocessofevolvingtotheeffectsofchange–inthiscase,adjustingecological,socialandeconomicsystemstoalleviatetheimpactsofclimatechange.Thisincludescrisisresponseforextremeeventssuchasfloodingandwildfires.Italsoencompassesmulti-faceted,agileapproachesfornavigatingaworldwherereliableclimateandweatherconditionscannolongerbetakenforgranted.Leadersneednewformsofintelligence tobuildresilienceintotheircommunitiesandbusinesses.Alongtheway,first-moverswillfindthisisnotonlyariskmitigationstrategybutalsoasourceofcompetitiveadvantage. Therearemultipleinterdependentapproachestoclimateadaptation,includingeconomicincentives,policyandregulation,locally-ledintervention,andnature-basedapproaches.Technologyisakey enableracrossallofthem–helpingleadersnotonlytoassessclimateriskbutalsotoidentifysolutionsandtobuildresilienceintherealworld.Data-drivenanddigitaltechnologies,inparticular,willbeacriticalsourceofadaptivevalueprotectionandcreation. Advancesinthesetechnologies–particularlyartificialintelligence(AI)–havebeenoneofthemajorstoriesof2023.Thisreportoutlinestherolesthatdata-drivenanddigitaltechnologiescanplayinsupportingclimateadaptation,fromstrengtheningriskanalyticsandclimate-proofingsupplychainstopoweringR&Danddiscoveryprocessestoyieldthenextgenerationofclimatetechnologies. TheTechforClimateAdaptationWorkingGroup,hostedbytheWorldEconomicForum’sCentrefortheFourthIndustrialRevolution,convened todevelopthisreportandadvanceapplicationsandknowledgerelatedtotechnologyforclimate adaptation.Theworkinggroupincludesleadersandexpertsfromtechnology,industry,thepublicsector,academiaandcivilsociety.Itsmembershavebeenessentialtochartingthescopeofthisreportandbringingdomain-specificinsighttoitschapters. Thereisnotechnologicalsilverbulletforclimatechange.Moretothepoint,thereisnosubstitutefordeepandswiftmitigationofGHGemissions.Theimpactsofclimatechangearehereandcannotbeignored.Technologyoffersawaytomanagetheseimpacts–toadaptandbringmoreclaritytoanuncertainfuture. Executivesummary Theimpactsofclimatechangeareintensifyinganddata-drivenanddigitaltechnologiescanhelp. Theimpactsofclimatechange–intheformofextremeandslow-onsetevents–areincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.TheWorldEconomic Forum’s2024GlobalRisksReportrankedextremeweathereventsasthesecond-mostsevereriskoverthenexttwoyears–andthemostsevereovera10-yearhorizon.Nearlyhalfoftheworld’spopulationisvulnerabletotheimpactsofclimate change.Virtuallyeverysectoroftheglobaleconomyisexposedtosomedegreeofclimate-relatedrisk. Technologyisintegraltobuildingadaptivecapacity,propellinginnovationandbringingnewcapabilitiestoleadersandcommunities.Thereisnotechnologicalpanaceath