高等教育在绿色转型中的作用：大韩民国的倡议

NO.287 DECEMBER2023 KEYPOINTS •Greentransitiondemandstransformativeinnovationsintheeconomyandsociety.TertiaryeducationinstitutionsintheRepublic ofKoreaareactivelyengagedinexpandingtheirgreen ADBBRIEFS TheRoleofTertiaryEducationforGreenTransition:InitiativesintheRepublicofKorea innovationactivities. •Thecentralgovernmenthasinitiatedincentiveprogramstoencourage highereducationinstitutionstodevelopinterdisciplinarygreeneducationandresearchcourses. •Universitieshaveformedstrategicpartnershipswithprivatebusinessesandcreatedindustry–universitycollaborativeeducationcoursesandresearchanddevelopmenttorespond DukwooJun LeadforCircularEconomyCommunityofPractice, IntergovernmentalOrganizationChampioningGreenGrowthandClimateResilience MeekyungShin EducationSpecialist HumanandSocialDevelopmentSectorOffice,SectorsGroupAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB) PaulVandenbergPrincipalEconomistEconomicAnalysisand OperationsSupportDivision,EconomicResearchandDevelopment ImpactDepartmentADB JiyounSeo AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofNanoEnergyEngineering PusanNationalUniversityRepublicofKorea tothefutureneedsofhumanresourcesandgreentechnology. •Tofacilitatetechnologycommercialization,universitieshaveenhancedstart-up-incubatingsystemsbyestablishingtechnology-holdingcompaniesandothermechanisms. •Localgovernmentsandlocalcampusesarecooperatingtodevelopnewregionaleconomicgrowthengines asthegreentransformationresultsinthephasingout ofgrayindustriesandthepromotionofgreen businessesandinvestments. ISBN978-92-9270-591-6(print) ISBN978-92-9270-592-3(electronic) ISSN2071-7202(print) ISSN2218-2675(electronic)PublicationStockNo.BRF240008-2 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/BRF240008-2 BACKGROUNDANDPURPOSE InJune2022,theCounciloftheEuropeanUnionadoptedtherecommendationon“LearningfortheGreenTransitionandSustainableDevelopment.”1ThisisakeypolicyhighlightingthecrucialroleofeducationandtraininginhelpingtoachievethegoalsoftheEuropeanGreenDeal.AlongwithEurope,otherregionsandcountriesaregrapplingwiththethreatandimpactofclimatechange.Theyarenowexaminingthecriticalrolethateducation—includingtertiaryeducation—canplayindevisingstrategies,developingtechnology,andreskilling,upskilling,and“greenskilling”theworkforce. IntheRepublicofKorea(ROK),humanresourcedevelopmenthasbeenanengineofeconomicgrowth,withtertiaryeducationcontributingsignificantlytotechnology-intensiveinnovationandindustrytransformationsincethe1960s.Recognizing theimportanceoftransitioningtoalow-carbonandclimateresilienteconomy, thegovernmenthasrecentlyadvancedgreendevelopmentstrategies,targetingtheachievementofcarbonneutralityby2050andinvestinginlow-carbonactivities. Theauthorsthankthefollowingfortheircommentsandsuggestionsforthispublication:FookYenChong,SeniorSocialSectorSpecialist;RyotaroHayashi,SocialSectorEconomist;andBrajeshPanth,formerChief,EducationSectorGroup,ADB. 1EuropeanUnionLaw.2022.CommissionStaffWorkingDocumentAccompanyingthedocumentProposalforaCouncilRecommendationonlearningforenvironmentalsustainability;EuropeanCommission.2022.Learningforthegreentransitionandsustainabledevelopment.16June. Thegovernmentisalsostrengtheningitssupportforvulnerablegroupsandregions—recognizingthatcarbon-intensiveindustrieswilldecline,greenindustrieswillriseandoccupationalandskillsdemandswillneedtochange. Inthiscontext,highereducationinstitutions,withsupportfromgovernment,aremakingadvancesinthreekeyareas.First,theyarechangingcurriculaandofferingmoregreen-focusedcoursesanddegreeprograms.Second,theyareconductingresearchanddevelopment(R&D)onnewtechnologiestoaddressclimatechange.Third,theyareworkingwiththeprivatesectortocommercializegreeninnovation,includingthroughtheincubationofgreentechnology(green-tech)start-ups.Thegovernmentisawarethatclimatechangeandthegreeningoftheeconomymayexacerbatelocalandregionaldisparitiesineconomicopportunity. Assuch,thenationalgovernmenthaslaunchedseveralinitiativestohelplocalgovernmentspartnerwithlocaluniversitiestodeviseandimplementgreendevelopmentschemes. ThisADBBriefoutlinestheinitiativesbeingundertakenbytheROKtoutilizethetertiaryeducationsectorinthefightagainstclimatechangeandtheachievementofaninclusivegreentransition.StartingwithanoverviewoftheKoreanNewDeal,thebriefisstructuredaroundthreekeyareas:curricula,R&D,andcommercialization.Alattersectiondiscusseslocalgreendevelopmentschemes.Mostoftheseinitiativeshavebeenimplementedonlyrecentlyandthereforetheireffectivenesshas notyetbeenassessed.Nonetheless,theyprovidevaluableinsightsforothercountriesintheAsiaandPacificregionthatarethinkingofwaystodeploytertiaryeducationincreatingagreenerfuture. THEKOREANNEWDEAL ANDWORKFORCEPLANNING ThefirstversionoftheKoreanNewDealwasannouncedinJuly2020.Sincethen,thegovernmenthasupgradedandelaboratedfurtheritsgreentransitionschemes.TheLong-TermWorkforceDemandOutlook2020-2035:ReflectingDigitalandLow-CarbonTransformationwassubsequentlyreleasedbasedontheNewDeal.Theoutlookprovidesindustry-specific,long-termworkforcedemandforecasts.Subsequently,theKoreanNewDeal2.0wasadoptedinJuly2021andtheCarbonNeutralityandGreen