2024年西北欧氢气监测（英）

NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024 INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond. Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea. Source:IEA. InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.org IEAmembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanada CzechRepublicDenmarkEstonia FinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuania LuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugal SlovakRepublic SpainSwedenSwitzerland RepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStates TheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEA IEAassociationcountries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingapore SouthAfricaThailandUkraine Abstract NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024 Abstract NorthwestEuropeisattheforefrontoflow-emissionshydrogen1development.ThisregionaccountsforaroundhalfofEurope’stotalhydrogendemand,andithasvastanduntappedrenewableenergyandcarbonstoragepotentialintheNorthSea.Italsohasawell-developed,interconnectedgasnetworkwhichcouldbepartiallyrepurposedtofacilitatethetransmissionanddistributionoflow-emissionshydrogenfromproductionsitestodemandcentres. Thedevelopmentoflow-emissionshydrogeninNorthwestEuropecouldgraduallyscaleupintheshort-tomedium-term.NorthwestEuropeancountriesnowhavetheambitiontodevelopupto30to40gigawatts(GW)ofelectrolysercapacityby2030.However,mostlow-emissionshydrogenprojectsarecurrentlyintheearlystagesofdevelopment.Theirsuccesswilldependtoalargeextentonsupportingpoliciesandregulatoryframeworks,withcontinuousmonitoringofprogress.Thecost-efficientdevelopmentoflow-emissionshydrogenmarketswillalsonecessitatearegionalapproachthatmaximisesexistingsynergiesamongnationalmarkets. ThisisthesecondeditionoftheNorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor.Itprovidesanannualupdateoflow-emissionshydrogenmarketdevelopmentsinNorthwestEurope,andistheresultofcollaborationamongthecountriesinvolvedintheHydrogenInitiativeoftheCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM-H2I)workstreamentitled“RoundtableontheNorth-WestEuropeanRegion”andthehydrogenworkinggroupofthePentalateralForum. ThecountriesanalysedinthisMonitorareAustria,Belgium,Denmark,France,Germany,Luxemburg,theNetherlands,Norway,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.Marketmonitoringisaccompaniedbyregulardialogueswithkeystakeholderstofacilitatetheexchangeofinformationanddatacollection. IEA.CC.B.Y.4.0. 1Whentheterm“low-emissionshydrogen”isused,theInternationalEnergyAgencyreferstohydrogenproducedviaelectrolysiswheretheelectricityisgeneratedfromalow-emissionsource(renewablesornuclear),biomassorfossilfuelswithcarboncaptureusageandstorage(CCUS). ThisdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialdefinitionsofthecountriesinvolvedintheMonitoronthecarbonintensityorsustainabilityofhydrogenproductionmethods. IEA.CCBY4.0. Tableofcontents Executivesummary5 Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation10 Subsidyschemesandsupportmechanisms28 Hydrogendemand43 Hydrogensupply53 Productioncostsandpricediscovery63 Hydrogentrade69 Infrastructure78 Annex93 Executivesummary Low-emissionshydrogencanplayasignificantroleindecarbonisingexistinggasandenergysystemsandwillbecriticaltothecountries’effortstomeettheirenergyandclimatetargets.Inadditiontoitsenvironmentalbenefits,low-emissionshydrogencanhelpreducerelianceonfossilfuelimportsinthemedium-term,bolsteringenergysecurity. NorthwestEuropeisattheforefrontoflow-emissionshydrogendevelopment.TheregionaccountsforaroundhalfofEurope’stotalhydrogendemand.IthasvastanduntappedrenewableenergypotentialintheNorthSeaandawell-developed,interconnectedgasnetworkwhichcouldbepartiallyrepurposedtofacilitatethetransmissionanddistributionofrenewableandlow-emissionshydrogenfromproductionsitestodemandcentres. Low-emissionshydrogenisdefinedhereashydrogenproducedviaelectrolysiswheretheelectricityisgeneratedfromalow-emissionssource(renewablesornuclear),biomass,orfossilfuelswithcarboncapture,utilisationandstorage(CCUS).AdetailedoverviewoftheterminologyisprovidedintheAnnex. NorthwestEuropeancountriesareraisingtheirlow-emissionshydrogentargets Adoptingandimplementingclearhydrogenstrategies,includingmedium-andlong-termtargets,isconsideredessentialtoprovidethe necessaryimpetusandguidanceforthedevelopmentofhydrogenmarkets. SinceRussia’sinvasionofUkraine,severalNorthwestEuropeancountrieshavedoubledtheirhydrogenproductiontargets,andothersareconsideringincreases.Themajorityofthecountriesintheregionadoptedproductiontargetsforelectrolytichydrogen,whileNorwayoptedforatechnology-neutralapproach.Altogether,NorthwestEuropeancountriesnowhaveambitiontodevelopasmuchas30to40gigawatts(GW)ofelectrolysercapacityby2030.Nonetheless,recentmark