全球生物基经济评估：为绿色未来协同推进政策、创新与可持续发展（英）

GlobalBioeconomyAssessment i GlobalBioeconomyAssessment CoordinatedEffortsofPolicy,Innovation,andSustainabilityforaGreenerFuture ©2024UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme ISBN: Jobnumber:DOI: 978-92-807-4142-1 DEP/2632/NA https://doi.org/10.59117/20.500.11822/45332 Thispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartandinanyformforeducationalornon-profitserviceswithoutspecialpermissionfromthecopyrightholder,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammewouldappreciatereceivingacopyofanypublicationthatusesthispublicationasasource.NouseofthispublicationmaybemadeforresaleoranyothercommercialpurposewhatsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Applicationsforsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproduction,shouldbeaddressedtounep-communication-director@un.org. Disclaimers ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorcityorareaoritsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. MentionofacommercialcompanyorproductinthisdocumentdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeortheauthors.Theuseofinformationfromthisdocumentforpublicityoradvertisingisnotpermitted.Trademarknamesandsymbolsareusedinaneditorialfashionwithnointentiononinfringementoftrademarkorcopyrightlaws. TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Weregretanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenunwittinglymade. ©Maps,photosandillustrationsasspecified Suggestedcitation UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2024).GlobalBioeconomyAssessment:CoordinatedEffortsofPolicy,Innovation,andSustainabilityforaGreenerFuture.Nairobi.https://doi.org/10.59117/20.500.11822/45332 Production:Nairobi,Kenya. URL:https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/45332 Acknowledgements TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)wouldliketothanktheauthorsandtheprojectcoordinationteamfortheircontributiontothedevelopmentofthisreport.Authorsandreviewershavecontributedintheirindividualcapacities.Theiraffiliationsareonlymentionedforidentificationpurposes. Authors YutaoWang(FudanUniversity[FDU]) MingxingSun(InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch[IGSNRR],ChineseAcademyofSciences[CAS]/UNEP-InternationalEcosystemManagementPartnership[UNEP-IEMP]) LinxiuZhang(UNEP-IEMP) Reviewers(listedinalphabeticorder) AnthonyShunFungChiu (DeLaSalleUniversity,Manila,Philippines) BakhitaAmondiOduor (EcosystemDivision,UNEP) BavelyneMibei (PolicyandProgrammeDivision,UNEP) CeciliaM.V.B.Almeida (UniversidadePaulista,Brazil) JaneMuriithi (EarlyWarningandAssessmentDivision,UNEP) JiashuoLi (ShandongUniversity,China) JingMeng (UniversityCollegeofLondon,UnitedKingdom) MingzhouJin (TheUniversityofTennessee,USA) RaymondBrandes (PolicyandProgrammeDivision,UNEP) SecretariatandprojectcoordinationMingxingSun(IGSNRR,CAS/UNEP-IEMP)YutaoWang(FDU) LinxiuZhang(UNEP-IEMP) ChaoFu(IGSNRR,CAS/UNEP-IEMP) Languageediting StrategicAgenda(XainStorey,LiyanaAini) Designandlayout StrategicAgenda Thanksalsoto: HuajunYu(FDU),BinChen(FDU),SijingWang(FDU),MeiliXue(FDU),HuijingDeng(FDU),JuWang(FDU),XinyiLong(FDU),DingfanZhang(FDU),LinSun(FDU),ZhixiuHan(FDU),HongyiXie(FDU),YingfanDuan(FDU),JingjingZhang(FDU),YixiangGao(FDU),JuezhuChen(FDU),YixuanBai(FDU),YiruSong(FDU),ShiwenGong(FDU). Financialandtechnicalsupport Thisknowledgeproductispreparedinthecontextofthe“GlobalBiomassResourceSustainabilityandClimateChangeAdaptationManagement”projectfundedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(72061147003). Acronymsandabbreviations ASTM AmericanSocietyofTestingMaterials ATJ Alcohol-to-jet BMBF FederalMinistryofEducationandResearch EGD EuropeanGreenDeal EU EuropeanUnion FAO FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations FDCA 2,5-Furandicarboxylicacid FT Fischer-Tropsch GHG Greenhousegas HEFA Hydroprocessedestersandfattyacids HEFA-SPK Hydroprocessedesterandfattyacidssyntheticparaffinickerosene HMF 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural ILUC Indirectland-usechange LAC LatinAmericaandCaribbean OECD OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment PA Polyamide PBAT Polybutyleneadipateterephthalate PBS Polybutylenesuccinate PEF Polyethylenefuranoate PET Polyethyleneterephthalate PHA Polyhydroxyalkanoates PLA Polylacticacid PP Polypropylene PPI Printingandpublishingindustry PTA Terephthalicacid PTT Polytrimethyleneterephthalate RED RenewableEnergyDirective RME Rapeseedmethylester SDG SustainableDevelopmentGoal SIP Synthesizediso-paraffins USA UnitedStatesofAmerica Tableofcontents Acknowledgementsiii Acronymsandabbreviationsiv Listoftables&ListofFiguresvi Executivesummaryviii 1.Introduction1 1.1Theconceptanddefinitionofbioeconomy2 1.2Differentgenerationsofbiomassresources3 1.3Maincategoriesofbio-basedproducts5 2.Globalbioeconomypolicyoverviewandemergingtrends10 2.1Historicalevolutionofkeybioeconomypolicies11