年度报告 THEANNUALREPORT2022 动荡与重构 TURMOILANDREALIGNMENT “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 GLOBALCITIESINTHEVISIONOFTHEBELTANDROADINITIATIVE 中国城市规划设计研究院 ChinaAcademyofUrbanPlanning&Design 前言PREFACE 2022年,新冠肺炎疫情持续肆虐,俄乌冲突波及全球,能源危机愈演愈烈,全球化危机一波未平,一波又起。多重冲击下,全球交通联系动荡,产业链供应链破碎化,各国政府纷纷加大本土投资保障发展安全与韧性,全球城市陷入动荡之中,面临着不确定的挑战与机遇。 在全球治理阵营对立风险日益增长、贸易壁垒不断推高的背景下,“一带一路”倡议倡导的包容性全球化理念是全球化“寒潮”中的一股暖流,为全球化注入新的动力。包容性全球化坚持更公平的发展理念,推动新兴经济体城市通过多样路径嵌入全球城市网络,催生多元共生的“全球城市雨林”。 今年,我们持续优化完善全球活力城市、“一带一路”潜力城市指标体系及算法,与时俱进结合产业方向变革、科技竞争加剧趋势,对全球城市复苏的特征作出新观察。我们完善了数据来源和技术分析方法,以数字化方式直观呈现、深入探讨全球创新、生产与服务、联通设施网络特征与趋势。 百年变局和世纪疫情相互交织影响下,今年全球城市复苏态势冷暖有别,美洲提升、欧洲下降、东亚持平,全球城市格局正在发生重大调整。随着全球产业链供应链多元化、近岸化重构,新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进,全球城市秩序重构的趋势初露端倪。 In2022,COVID-19continuestorage.Meanwhile,theRussia-Ukraineconflicthasledtoconsequencesworldwide,withintensifyingenergycrisisandglobalizationcrisiscominginwaves.Theexternalshockshaveresultedindisruptionsofglobaltransportationconnectivityandfragmentationinsupplychains.Governmentsaroundtheworldareincreasingtheirdomesticinvestmentstosafeguarddevelopmentsecurityandresilience.Facedwithuncertainchallengesandopportunities,globalcitiesaregoingthroughturmoil. Againstthebackdropofgrowingrisksfromtheconfrontationofopposingcampsinglobalgovernanceandtherisingtradebarriers,theconceptofinclusiveglobalizationadvocatedbytheBeltandRoadInitiativeisawarmcurrentamidthecoldwaveofglobalization,injectingnewmomentumintoglobalizationprocess.Inclusiveglobalizationadvocatesmoreequitabledevelopment,withtheaimtofacilitateemergingcountriestoembedthemselvesintothenetworkofglobalcitiesthroughvariouspathsandcreateadiverseandsymbioticrainforestofglobalcities. Thisyear,wehavecontinuedtooptimizeandimprovetheindexsystemandalgorithmofglobaldynamiccitiesandBeltandRoadpotentialcities,withnewobservationonthefeaturesofglobalcitiesrecoveryandconsiderationofthetrendofindustrialevolutionandintensifiedtechnologicalcompetition.Wehaveimprovedthedatasourcesandtechnicalanalysismethodstodigitizeanddelveintothefeaturesandtrendsofglobalinnovationnetwork,productionandservicenetwork,andconnectivityfacilitynetwork. Undertheinfluenceofprofoundchangesunseeninacenturyintertwinedwiththeonce-in-a-centurypandemic,therecoveryofglobalcitiesremainsuneven,withgrowthintheAmericas,recessioninEuropeandstagnationinEastAsia,leadingtosignificantadjustmentstothelandscapeofglobalcities.Withthediversificationandnearshoringofglobalsupplychains,anewwaveoftechnologicalrevolutionandindustrialevolutionispickingupspeed,thusgivingshapetothereshufflingofglobalcitiesorder. 目录CONTENTS 全球城市的动荡与重构 1TURMOILANDREALIGNMENTOFGLOBALCITIES 全球活力城市 2GLOBALDYNAMICCITIES “一带一路”潜力城市 3BELTANDROADPOTENTIALCITIES 城市观察 4OBSERVATIONONGLOBALCITIES page04 page05 page19 page24 附录1:2022年全球活力城市指数排名 APPENDIX1:2022RANKINGOFGLOBALDYNAMICCITIESINDEXpage32 附录2:2022年“一带一路”潜力城市指数排名 APPENDIX2:2022RANKINGOFINDEXFORBELTANDROADPOTENTIALCITIESpage34 附录3:城市列表 APPENDIX3:LISTOFCITIESpage36 动荡与重构:2022年“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市报告 0405 TURMOILANDREALIGNMENT:THEANNUALREPORT2022ONGLOBALCITIESINTHEVISIONOFTHEBELTANDROADINITIATIVE 全球城市的动荡与重构 全球化危机一波未平,一波又起 TURMOILANDREALIGNMENT CRISISOFGLOBALIZATIONCOMINGINWAVES 化、“友岸化”布局,降低半导体、新能源电池、关键矿物和医药用品等关键领域对外国单一供应商的依赖,全球城市产业格局正在发生深刻变革。 inkeyareassuchassemiconductors,newenergybatteries,keymineralsandmedicalsuppliesonasingleforeignsupplier.Asaresult,theindustriallandscapeofglobalcitiesisundergoingprofoundchanges. 新冠肺炎病毒变异不断、持续肆虐。联合国数据 显示超过90%的确诊病例来自城市地区,人口集中的城市是新冠肺炎疫情的震中。猴痘病毒汹汹来袭,世界卫生组织再度发布“全球最高级别公共卫生警报”,全球城市公共卫生安全面临不断的威胁与挑战。 俄乌冲突对全球能源、粮食、矿产供应链的冲击不断显现,国际货币基金组织(IMF)预测2022年全球经济增速显著放缓,美国和欧洲部分经济体的通胀已达40年来的最高水平。地缘政治紧张、极端天气频发、全球经济风险等纷繁复杂的挑战相互交织,进一步加剧了全球城市复苏的不确定性。 COVID-19mutationsandvariantscontinuetowreakhavoc.AccordingtotheUN,urbanareaswithhighpopulationdensityareepicentersoftheCOVID-19pandemic,accountingformorethan90%ofreportedcases.Withtheonslaughtofmonkeypox,theWHOissuedthehighestlevelofalertforPublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern.Publichealthandsafetyinglobalcitiesareunderconstantthreatandchallenge. TheimpactofRussia-Ukraineconflictontheglobalsupplychainsofenergy,foodandmineralscontinuestoemerge.TheIMFprojectedslowerglobaleconomicrecoveryin2022.InflationintheUSandsomeEuropeaneconomieshashitthehighestlevelin40years.Geopoliticaltensions,frequentextremeweatherevents,globaleconomicrisksandothercomplexchallengesareintertwined,furtherexacerbatingtheuncertaintyintherecoveryofglobalcities. 技术和创新竞争日趋剧烈。在第四次工业革命浪潮背景下,产业数字化绿色化转型步伐加快,创新成为重塑全球和区域竞争格局的关键变量。各国政府纷纷重新调整科技重点领域布局,加大本土尖端技术研究和科技创新投资,全球城市创新格局正在进入快速调整变化的时期。 全球活力城市 总体格局:全球城市复苏冷暖有别 GLOBALDYNAMICCITIES Technologyraceandinnovationcompetitionaregrowing.Inthecontextofthefourthindustrialrevolution,thepaceofdigitalizationandgreentransformationofindustrieshasaccelerated,andinnovationhasbecomeakeyvariableinreshapingtheglobalandregionalcompetitivelandscape.Governmentshavereadjustedtheirpriorityareasofscienceandtechnology,andincreasedinvestmentinhomegrowncutting-edgetechnologyresearchandscientificinnovation.Theinnovationlandscapeofglobalcitiesisenteringaperiodofrapidreadju