中信期货研究|CITICFuturesResearch 2023-12-20 2024年中国经济年度展望 摘要ABSTRACT OutlookonChinaEconomyin2024 回顾:2023年,中国经济有所恢复,但增长动能偏弱,通胀水平偏低。经济恢复的动力主要来自防疫政策优化。不过,由于房地产进一步走弱,居民消费信心不足、外需回落等因素,中国经济增长动能偏弱,这导致通胀水平偏低。 Review:In2023,Chinaeconomyhasrecoveredtosomeextent,butthegrowthmomentumwasrelativelyweakandtheinflationlevelremainedsubdued.ThemaindrivingforceforeconomicrecoverycomesfromtheoptimizationofCOVIDpolicies.However,duetofurtherweakeningofrealestate,insufficientconsumerconfidence,andadeclineinexternaldemand,Chinaeconomygrowthmomentumwasrelativelyweak,leadingtoalowlevelofinflation. 展望:2024年中国经济仍处于波浪式恢复过程之中,GDP可能增长5%左右。2024年政府GDP目标可能是5%左右,中央财政将加杠杆。住宅销售可能仍偏弱,但同比降幅有望收窄。房地产投资增速可能维持负增长,但基建增速有望提高,消费继续恢复,出口边际改善。 Outlook:In2024,Chinaeconomyisstillinawavelikerecoveryprocess,andGDPmaygrowbyabout5%.Thegovernment'sGDPtargetfor2024maybearound5%,andthecentralgovernmentwillincreaseleverage.Residentialsalesmaystillbeweak,buttheyear-on-yeardeclineisexpectedtonarrow.Thegrowthrateofrealestateinvestmentmaymaintainnegative,butthegrowthrateofinfrastructureisexpectedtoincrease,consumptioncontinuestorecover,andexportsaresettomarginallyimprove. 投资咨询业务资格: 证监许可【2012】669号 Investmentconsultingbusinessqualification: SECLicense[2012]No.669 刘道钰 从业资格号:F3061482投资咨询号:Z0016422 LiuDaoyu QualificationNo.:F3061482ConsultingNo.:Z0016422 桂晨曦 从业资格号:F3023159投资咨询号:Z0013632 GuiChenxi QualificationNo.:F3023159ConsultingNo.:Z0013632 重要提示:本报告非期货交易咨询业务项下服务,其中的观点和信息仅作参考之用,不构成对任何人投资建议。我司不会因为关注、收到或阅读本报告内容而视相关人员为客户;市场有风险,投资需谨慎。Importantnote:Thisreportisnotaserviceunderthefuturestradingconsultingbusiness,andtheopinionsandinformationprovidedareforreferenceonlyanddonotconstituteinvestmentadvicetoanyone.Ourcompanywillnotconsiderrelevantpersonnelascustomersduetotheirattention,receipt,orreadingofthecontentofthisreport;Therearerisksinthemarket,andinvestmentneedstobecautious. 目录Content 摘要ABSTRACT1 回顾Review3 1.政策Policy4 2.投资Investment8 3.消费Consumption14 4.出口Export17 5.结论Conclusion19 免责声明20 Disclaimer21 回顾Review 回顾2023年,中国经济有所恢复,但增长动能仍偏弱,通胀水平偏低。由于防疫政策优化,2023年前三季度中国GDP同比增长5.2%,显著高于2022年3.0%增速。不过,由于房地产进一步走弱、居民消费信心不足、外需回落等因素,中国经济增长动能偏弱,导致通胀水平低迷。前三季度中国GDP两年平均增长4.1%,低于潜在增速。1-10月中国核心CPI同比增长0.7%,处于较低水平。 In2023,Chinaeconomyhasrecoveredtosomeextent,butthegrowthmomentumwasrelativelyweakandtheinflationlevelremainedsubdued.DuetotheoptimizationofCOVIDpolicies,China'sGDPgrew5.2%yearonyearinthefirstthreequartersof2023,significantlyhigherthanthegrowthrateof3.0%in2022.However,duetofurtherweakeningofrealestate,insufficientconsumerconfidenceamongresidents,andadeclineinexternaldemand,Chinaeconomygrowthmomentumwasrelativelyweak,leadingtoalowlevelofinflation.Theaveragetwo-yeargrowthrateofChinaGDPinthefirstthreequarterswas4.1%,lowerthanthepotentialgrowthrate.FromJanuarytoOctober,China'scoreCPIincreasedby0.7%year-on-year,atarelativelylowlevel. 图1:中国GDP增速 ChinaGDPYear-over-yeargrowthrate 图2:中国CPI与核心CPI同比 ChinaCPIandcoreCPIY-O-Y %20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 6.0 China:GDP:ConstantPrices:YoY China:GDP:ConstantPrices:YoY:YTD 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 ChinaCPIYoY%CoreCPIYoY% Mar-19Mar-20Mar-21Mar-22Mar-23 Jan-13Aug-14Mar-16Oct-17May-19Dec-20Jul-22 资料来源:万得中信期货研究所Sources:Wind,CITICSF资料来源:万得中信期货研究所Sources:Wind,CITICSF 1.政策Policy 从政策目标来看,2024年中国GDP目标增速可能定为5%左右,原因如下: China'sGDPgrowthratetargetin2024maybesetatabout5%forthefollowingreasons: 图3:中国GDP增速政府预期目标与实际值 China'sGDPgrowthtargetandactualvalue ChinagovernmentexpectedtargetofGDPgrowthChinarealGDPgrowth % 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023 资料来源:万得中信期货研究所Sources:Wind,CITICSF 第一,为了防范通缩以及将GDP尽量拉回到潜在水平,2024年GDP增长5%是有必要的。学术研究结果普遍显示当前中国潜在GDP增速在5%以上。今年国内通胀低迷反映经济增速低于潜在水平。 Firstly,thepreventionofdeflationandachievinglong-runpotentialgrowthrequiresa5%growthin2024.ResearchshowsthatChina’slong-runpotentialgrowthrateisabove5%.Thisyear'ssubdueddomesticinflationreflectsabelow-potentialeconomicgrowthrate. 第二,2035年远景目标要求明年GDP增速达到5%左右。2035年远景目标之一是人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平。这意味着GDP年平均增长4.73%。考虑到长期经济增速中枢趋于下行,2021-2025年GDP年均增速最好在5%以上。 Secondly,the2035visionthataimstoachievetheGDPpercapitaofadevelopedeconomycallsfor5%GDPgrowthnextyearandaGDPgrowthCAGRof4.73%.Consideringthatthelong-termeconomicgrowthcentretendstodecline,theaverageannualGDPgrowthratein2021-2025shouldbeabove5%. 第三,2024年GDP目标增速定为5.0%左右有利于提振信心。如果2024年GDP增长5%,那么经济表现将明显好于2023年4.2%左右的两年平均增速,有利提振信心。反之如果2024年GDP目标定在4.5%左右,那么经济仍是明显偏弱,不利于信心恢复。 Thirdly,the5%targetratewillhelpboosttheeconomy’sconfidence.IfGDPgrowsby5%in2024,theeconomywillperformsignificantlybetterthanthetwo-yearaveragegrowthrateofaround4.2%in2023,helpingtoboostconfidence.Onthecontrary,atargetrateof4.5%willindicatealackofconfidenceinthepolicysettingbody. 当前,地方隐性债务负担较重。截至2023年三季度,中央政府杠杆率仅为22.6%,地方政府杠杆率31.2%。根据国际清算银行估算,考虑地方政府隐形债务,地方政府杠杆率约为58%。如果将部分地方国有企业债务计入地方政府隐性债务,那么地方政府杠杆率可能更高。 Atpresent,theimplicitdebtburdenoflocalgovernmentisrelativelyheavy.Asof2023Q3,thecentralgovernmentleverageratiowasonly22.6%,andthelocalgovernmentleverageratiowas31.2%.AccordingtotheestimationoftheBankforInternationalSet