The Istanbul Programme of Action (IPoA) aims to address the structural vulnerabilities of least developed countries (LDCs) and promote their development. The IPoA was adopted at the Fourth UN Conference on the Least Developed Countries and includes a strong call for the inclusion of parliaments in its implementation. Article 16 of the Political Declaration acknowledges the important role of parliaments in developing strategies and overseeing their implementation. The role of parliaments as key stakeholders for implementation and stakeholder engagement or for strengthening good governance is highlighted in various articles.