This SIA Whitepaper takes stock of China's semiconductor industry, highlighting its increasing sophistication in microchip capabilities. Despite mastering some chip technologies, China's commercial semiconductor industry is still nascent. The Chinese government is investing heavily to close the gap, with over $150 billion planned from 2014 to 2030. China's booming market and government investments position it to be increasingly competitive in some semiconductor market segments. The paper emphasizes the importance of examining China's role in the semiconductor supply chain, its prospects, and the potential challenges posed by its industrial policy. The winning formula for long-term competition with China is to invest in American semiconductor technology and strengthen the resiliency of America's chip supply chains.