热门搜索：

中东北非地区社会契约及其数字化转型的实证分析（英）

信息技术2023-05-01世界银行笑***

AI智能总结

This Policy Research Working Paper presents an empirical analysis of the social contract in the Middle East and North Africa region and the role of digitalization in its transformation. The paper suggests a simple operational model that synthesizes a social contract's three main characteristics: participation, protection, and provision, between a government and its citizens. The empirical "3-P" framework allows investigating the role that government provision and protection may have on citizen participation, which is particularly pertinent given the political and economic development of countries in the region. The paper aims to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues and to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished.

PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PolicyResearchWorkingPaper10455 AnEmpiricalAnalysisoftheSocialContractintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica RegionandtheRoleofDigitalizationinItsTransformation FaridGasmiDorgylesC.M.Kouakou PaulNoumbaUmPedroRojasMilla MiddleEastandNorthAfricaRegionInfrastructureDepartment May2023 PolicyResearchWorkingPaper10455 Abstract ThispaperpresentsanempiricalapplicationandanalysisofthesocialcontractincountriesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.Thepapersuggestsasimpleoperationalmodelthatsynthesizesasocialcontract’sthreemaincharacteristics:participation,protection,andprovision,betweenagov-ernmentanditscitizens.Thisempirical“3-P”frameworkallowsinvestigatingtherolethatgovernmentprovisionandprotectionmayhaveoncitizenparticipation,whichisparticularlypertinentgiventhepoliticalandeconomicdevelopmentofcountriesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.ThepapercomparestheevaluationofthehealthofthesocialcontractincountriesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricaregiontothatofcountriesintheOrganisa-tionforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment.Theempiricalevidenceshowsthatthesocialbenefitsprovidedtocitizensthroughimproveddeliveryofbasicserviceshave comeatthecostofimpairedpoliticalparticipation.ThisfeatureofthesocialcontractintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricamaybeconsideredoneoftherootcausesofthesocialturmoilsomecountrieshavebeenstrugglingwithinrecentdecades.Digitaltransformationisapotentiallypowerfulchannelthroughwhichtherelationshipbetweengovern-mentandcitizenscanimprove,andthepaperfindsthatithasathree-yearlaggedpositiveeffectonthequalityofthesocialcontractintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricaandtheeffectisinverselyU-shaped.ThissuggeststhatstructuralandinstitutionalimprovementsareneededincountriesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricaforthequalityoftheirsocialcontracttoreachlevelscomparabletothoseofcountriesintheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment. ThispaperisaproductoftheInfrastructureDepartment,MiddleEastandNorthAfricaRegion.ItispartofalargereffortbytheWorldBanktoprovideopenaccesstoitsresearchandmakeacontributiontodevelopmentpolicydiscussionsaroundtheworld.PolicyResearchWorkingPapersarealsopostedontheWebathttp://www.worldbank.org/prwp.Theauthorsmaybecontactedatpnoumbaum@worldbank.org,farid.gasmi@tse-fr.eu. ThePolicyResearchWorkingPaperSeriesdisseminatesthefindingsofworkinprogresstoencouragetheexchangeofideasaboutdevelopmentissues.Anobjectiveoftheseriesistogetthefindingsoutquickly,evenifthepresentationsarelessthanfullypolished.Thepaperscarrythenamesoftheauthorsandshouldbecitedaccordingly.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthispaperareentirelythoseoftheauthors.TheydonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/WorldBankanditsaffiliatedorganizations,orthoseoftheExecutiveDirectorsoftheWorldBankorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. ProducedbytheResearchSupportTeam AnEmpiricalAnalysisoftheSocialContractintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica RegionandtheRoleofDigitalizationinItsTransformation FaridGASMIa,DorgylesC.M.KOUAKOUb,PaulNOUMBAUMc,andPedroROJASMILLAa Keywords:Development,socialcontract,digitaltransformation,MENA,OECD. JELclassificationcodes:L96,L97,O10. TheauthorswouldliketothankJoséAurazoandSamathanMetevierforinsightfulsuggestions,andRadiaBachaforhelpwithlocatingsomeofthedatausedinthispaper.FaridGasmiacknowledgesfundingfromtheFrenchNationalResearchAgency(ANR)undertheInvestmentsfortheFuture(Investissementsd'Avenir)program,grantANR-17-EURE-0010.Theviewsexpressedareonlyoursanddonotnecessarilyreflectthoseoftheinstitutionsweareaffiliatedwith. aToulouseSchoolofEconomics,UniversitéToulouseCapitole,farid.gasmi@tse-fr.euandpedro.rojas-milla@ut-capitole.fr. bGrenobleAppliedEconomicsLaboratory,UniversitéGrenobleAlpesandTheWorldBank,dkouakou@worldbank.org. cTheWorldBank,pnoumbaum@worldbank.org. 1.Introduction Inrecentyears,manycountriesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica(MENA)haveexperiencedpopularuprisingsthaterodedthetrustthatcitizensputintheirgovernments.1Forsomeobservers,theseeventstaketheirdeeprootsinthewaytherelationshipsbetweenstateandsocietyhavebeenshapedafterthesecountries'independenceinthe1950sand1960s,i.e.,thenatureoftheirsocialcontract,SChereafter.Essentially,governmentsthathavecomeintopowerinthesecountriesprioritizedprovidingsocialbenefits,oftenatthecostoflimitingcitizens'participationincrucialpoliticalandeconomicdecisions.Agrowingpopulationandanincreasinglychallengingeconomiccontexthaveweakenedthisgovernancesystemandgeneratedseverediscontentwiththegovernmentsandtheirinstitutions. CountriesintheMENAregionfacemultiplechallengesduetoanincreasinglyunsustainableSC.Thisunsustainabilityresultsfromtherentierismnatureofsomecountries,thepoliticalinstabilityofothers,andtheintensifiedvulnerabilitiesofthisregiontohealthpandemicsand/orclimatechange.Verticalcontrolsandprivilegednetworkingbetweenbusinessesandthepoliticaleliteshavelimitedeconomicopportunitiesforcitizensandincreasedsocio-economicinequalities.Asaresult,corruption,lackoftransparency,elitecapture,andpoliticalcoercionarepredominant

点击免费查看完整报告

你可能感兴趣

中东北非地区社会契约及其数字化转型的实证分析（英）

你可能感兴趣

制度化安全：探索中东和北非地区的治理危机（英）

面临全球挑战的中东和北非地区（英）

关于经济相互依存和冲突管理之间的关系？以中东和北非地区为重点的概述（英）

审视中东和北非地区的种族主义和歧视：世界银行对中东和北非国家生活质量的研究（英）2024

数字包容能否缩小中东和北非地区的性别经济差距？（英）