2022年年报

UNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTRADEANDDEVELOPMENT ANNUALREPORT2022 UNCTAD RisingtotheChallenge Thetíansfoímativepoweíoftíade intimesofcíisis 6 UNCTAD factsandfigures $ 195 698 memberStates peopleinourteam millionUSDregularbudgetfor2022 $ 81 53 millionUSDtechnical cooperationexpenditure 239 publications,research andanalyticalmaterials projects 225 in73countries Geneva,2023 UNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTRADEANDDEVELOPMENT ANNUALREPORT2022 UNCTAD RisingtotheChallenge Thetíansfoímativepoweíoftíade intimesofcíisis UNCTADprogrammesandmandates UNCTADistheleadinginstitutionwithintheUnitedNationsthatdealswithtradeanddevelopment.Wesupportdevelopingcountriesinaccessingthebenefitsofaglobalizedeconomymorefairlyandeffectively. Weprovideeconomicandtradeanalysis,facilitateconsensus-buildingandoffertechnicalassistance.Thishelpsdevelopingcountriesusetrade,investment,financeandtechnologyforinclusiveandsustainabledevelopment. PROGRESS Globalization,interdependenceanddevelopment Wehelpadvanceinclusiveandsustainabledevelopment,growth,employmentanddecentworkforall.Wewanttopromotedurablesolutionstothedebtproblemsofdevelopingcountries. GROW Investmentandenterprise Wecontributetoeffortstowardsinclusivegrowthandsustainabledevelopment.Wedothisbyencouraginginvestmentandenterprisedevelopment,enhancingproductivecapacity-buildingandboostingjobcreation. TRANSFORM Internationaltradeandcommodities Weensurethatinternationaltradeandcommoditiesenablethetransformationsneededtocreateamoreinclusive,resilient,sustainableandprosperousworld.Advocateforeconomicdiversification,strongereconomiesandmultilateralism. BUILD Technologyandlogistics Wesupporteffortstoharnessinnovationandtechnology,includinge-commerceandthedigitaleconomy.Thisimprovestradelogisticsandincreaseshumancapacitiesforinclusive,sustainabletradeanddevelopment. INTEGRATE Africa,leastdevelopedcountriesandspecialprogrammes WehelpenhancetheintegrationofAfrica,leastdevelopedcountriesandothernationsinspecialsituationsintotheglobaleconomybydevelopingpoliciesthatreducepovertyandboosteconomiccapacity. 2 Tableofcontents 2UNCTADprogrammesandmandates 5ForewordbytheSecretary-General 6OfficeoftheSecretary-General 10 SupportingmemberStates 12 Communicationsforastrongervoice 14 2022YearinReview 16 BridgetownCovenant 18 UNGlobalCrisisResponseGroup 22 Majorpublications 24 Globalization,InterdependenceandDevelopment 30 InvestmentandEnterpriseDevelopment 38 InternationalTradeandCommodities 48 TechnologyandLogistics 58 AfricaandLeastDevelopedCountries 66 Statistics 70 Ourdonorsandcontributors 71 Ourprojectsandgeographicalcoverage 72 Managementhighlights 74 NewYorkoffice 75 Ourseniorleadershipin2022 76 Ourteam 80 Howtocontactus Thispublicationhasbeeneditedexternally. SGFOREWORD RebecaGrynspan,UNCTADSecretary-General 4 ForewordbytheSecretary-General Lastyear,difficultglobalcrisesre-appeared.ThewarinUkraine,climatedisasters,andtherisingcostoflivingputtoastopthefragilepost-COVIDrecoverywitnessedin2021.Foodandenergypricesskyrocketedtohistoricheights,increasingpovertyandfoodinsecuritytoalarminglevels.Risinginterestratesworseneddebtburdens,invitingcapitalflightandcurrencydepreciationintheGlobalSouth.Climatedisastersworsened,whilerisinggeopoliticscontinuedtodisrupttheglobaltradingsystem. Thisworldof‘cascadingcrises’calledUNCTADtorisetothechallenge.InMarch2022,UNSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterresestablishedtheGlobalCrisisResponseGroup(GCRG)onFood,EnergyandFinancetohelptackletheglobaldevelopmenteffectsofthewarinUkraine.UNCTADplayedakeyroleinthe GCRG,co-chairingitsFinanceTrackwhilecoordinatingitsTaskTeam.AspartofthiseffortandundertheleadershipoftheUNSecretaryGeneral,UNCTADbecameoneofthemainnegotiatorsofthetwoIstanbulAgreementssignedinJuly2022,theMemorandumofUnderstandingbetweentheUNandtheRussianFederationtofacilitatetheunimpededaccessfortheirfoodandfertilizersexportstoglobalmarkets,andtheBlackSeaInitiative.Theseagreementshavehelpedtobringdownthecostoffood,whilestabilizingglobalmarketsandkeepingthemopen. Atthesametime,UNCTAD’sflagshipreportsprovidedmuch-neededclaritytoemergingtrendsaffectingtheworldlastyear–fromthesupply-sidecausesofinflationtothedevelopmentimplicationsofglobaltaxagreements,fromdisruptedmaritimelogisticstoendingcommoditydependencethroughtheAfricanFreeContinentalTradeArea.Furthermore,weadvancedonthemandatesoftheBridgetownCovenant,suchasimprovinginter-divisionalcoordinationandprovingUNCTADusefulnessatatimeofcrisis.Asaresultoftheseefforts,ourTradeandDevelopmentBoardhasshowngrowinglevelsanddegreesofengagementfromourmemberstates. However,muchoftheroadisstillaheadofus.Theworldisstillincrisis,asglobalfinancialstabilitycomesintoquestion,andasthecost-of-livingcrisisrefusestoabate.TheBridgetownCovenantfourtransformationsarebecomingincreasinglyurgenttobuildresilience,closegaps,andrecoverourcapacitytomeettheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Ourperformancethisyearwillsetthestageforthe60thanniversarycelebrationsin2024,andUNCTAD16in2025. Themissionistall,butwewillsparenoefforts.Thetimesarechanging,