Energy Efficiency Policy in Germany

1 EnergyEfficiencyPolicyinGermany Sino-GermanEnergyPartnership Imprint Thereport“EnergyEfficiencyPolicyinGermany”introducestheimportanceofenergyefficiencyintheframeofclimateneutralityandthebestpracticemeasuresandpoliciesforenergyefficiencyinGermany.ThereportispublishedintheframeworkoftheSino-GermanEnergyPartnershipbetweentheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicAffairsandClimateAction(BMWK)andtheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(NDRC).Asthecentraldialogueplatformonenergybetweentwocountries,themainobjectiveofthepartnershipistofosterandadvancethefar-reachingandprofoundenergytransitionsongoinginbothcountriesbyexchangingviews,bestpracticesandknowledgeonthedevelopmentofasustainableenergysystem,primarilycenteredonimprovingenergyefficiencyandex-pandingtheuseofrenewableenergy.TheDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbHimple-mentstheprojectundercommissionofBMWK. AsaGermanfederalenterprise,GIZsupportstheGermangovernmentintheachievementofitsgoalsininternationalcoop-erationforsustainabledevelopment. Publishedby Sino-GermanEnergyPartnershipcommissionedbytheGermanFederalMin-istryforEconomicAffairsandClimateAc-tion(BMWK) TayuanDiplomaticOfficeBuilding1-15,14LiangmaheSouthStreet,ChaoyangDistrict100600Beijing,P.R.China c/o DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZu-sammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH TorstenFritscheKöthenerStr.2 Berlin10963 ProjectManagement: YuxiaYin DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZu-sammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH Authors: WolfgangEichhammerFraunhoferISIFredericBergerFraunhoferISI JanSteinbach,IREESNeleFriedrichsen,IREESSu-MinChoi,IREES Design edelman.ergo(oncommissionofBMWK) Image:BMWK/CoverLayout: LiWenqin,GIZ ©Beijing,April2022 Thisreportinitsentiretyisprotectedbycopyright.Theinformationcontainedwascompiledtothebestofourknowledgeandbeliefinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofgoodscientificpractice.Theauthorsbelievetheinfor-mationinthisreportiscorrect,completeandcurrent,butacceptnoliabilityforanyerrors,explicitorimplicit.Responsibilityforthecontentofexternalwebsiteslinkedinthispublicationalwayslieswiththeirrespectivepub-lishers.Thestatementsinthisdocumentdonotnecessarilyreflecttheclient’sopinion.GIZacceptsnoresponsi-bilityforthesemapsbeingentirelyuptodate,correctorcomplete.Allliabilityforanydamage,directorindirect,resultingfromtheiruseisexcluded. 2 TableofContent Abbreviation4 Preface5 1.Introduction:TheImportanceofEnergyEfficiencyintheFrameofClimateNeutrality6 2.Part1:FrameforEnergyEfficiency(Climate,SupplySecurity,Competitiveness)9 2.1ClimateNeutralityFrameforEnergyEfficiency(atEuropeanUnionandParis-Agreementlevel)9 2.2ClimateNeutralityFrameforEnergyEfficiencyinGermany12 2.3EnergyEfficiency,CompetitivenessandSupplySecurity17 3.Part2:FactSheetsandCaseStudiesonBestPracticeMeasuresandPoliciesforEnergyEfficiency ......................................................................................................................................................................................19 3.1Cross-cuttingEnergyEfficiencyPolicies19 3.2EnergyEfficiencyinBuildings22 3.3EnergyEfficiencyinAppliances30 3.4EnergyEfficiencyinIndustry37 3.5EnergyEfficiencyinTransport50 3.6BestPracticeMonitoringandImplementation56 4.Part3:LocalLevelandAcceptance60 4.1Local(Municipality/City)LevelPolicyMakinganditsLinktoNationalandEuropeanLevel60 4.2DistributionalEffectsofEnergyEfficiencyPolicies62 4.3SocialAcceptance63 5.Literature63 Abbreviation CBAMCCSCCUCO2 CarbonBorderAdjustmentMechanismCarbonCaptureandStorageCarbonCaptureandUseCarbondioxide CO2eq. Carbondioxide-equivalent EE Energyefficiency EED EnergyEfficiencyDirective EffSTRA EnergyEfficiencyStrategy EMS EnergyManagementSystem GHG Greenhousegases GJ GigaJoule(109Joule) H2 Hydrogen kWh Kilowatthour Mtoe Milliontonnesofoilequivalent MW Megawatt NAPE NationalerAktionsplanEnergieeffizienz NECP NationalEnergyandClimatePlan NEDC NewEuropeanDrivingCycle PJ Petajoule(1015Joule) PtG Power-to-Gas PtL Power-to-Liquid SUV SportsUtilityVehicle SWOT Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats TWh Terawatthour(1012Watt) ZLEV Zero-andlow-emissionvehicles WLTP WorldwideHarmonisedLightvehiclesTestProcedure KSG ClimateChangeAct GEG BuildingEnergyAct/BuildingcodeGermany Preface IntimeswhenClimateneutralitytowardsthemiddleofthiscentury,orinthedecadeafter,inmanycountriesworld-wide,energyefficiencypolicyismorethanjustapillarinclimateneutralitybuttheessentialingredienttomakeotherpoliciesmorepowerfulandacceptablesuchasrenewablespolicies,thehydrogeneconomyaswellasasustainablebio-economyorcarbon-captureandstorage(CCS/CCU).Allsupply-sidelow-carbonsolutionsleadtolargerenvironmentalandsocio-economicimpactssuchasresourceuse,(new)importdependencies,distributionaleffectsamongconsumergroupsandpossibleacceptanceissues. ItisforthisreasonthatthekeyroleofenergyefficiencyissupportedintheEuropeanUnionbytheEnergyEfficiencyFirstPrinciple.ItisrecognisedasaguidingprincipleoftheUnionenergypolicyandshouldbetakenintoaccountacrossallsectors,goingbeyondtheenergysystem,atalllevels,includ