利用行政和卫星数据进行的性别敏感地震恢复评估：以印度尼西亚2016年亚齐地震为例（英）

AGENDER-SENSITIVEEARTHQUAKERECOVERYASSESSMENT USINGADMINISTRATIVEANDSATELLITEDATA THECASEOFINDONESIA’S2016ACEHEARTHQUAKE SoniaAkter,TalithaFauziaChairunissa,MadhaviPundit,andMarcelSchroder NO.674 December2022 ADBECONOMICSWORKINGPAPERSERIES ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK ADBEconomicsWorkingPaperSeries AGender-SensitiveEarthquakeRecoveryAssessmentUsingAdministrativeandSatelliteData: TheCaseofIndonesia’s2016AcehEarthquake SoniaAkter,TalithaFauziaChairunissa,MadhaviPundit,andMarcelSchroder TheADBEconomicsWorkingPaperSeriespresentsresearchinprogresstoelicitcommentsandencouragedebateondevelopmentissuesinAsiaandthePacific.TheviewsexpressedarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesofADBoritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. No.674|December2022 SoniaAkter(sonia.akter@nus.edu.sg)isanassociateprofessoratLeeKuanYewSchoolofPublicPolicy,NationalUniversityofSingapore.TalithaFauziaChairunissa(tchairunissa@u.nus.edu)isaPhDstudentatLeeKuanYewSchoolofPublicPolicy,NationalUniversityofSingapore.MadhaviPundit(mpundit@adb.org)isasenioreconomistandMarcelSchroder(mschroder@adb.org)isaneconomistattheEconomicResearchandRegionalCooperationDepartment,AsianDevelopmentBank. ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO) ©2022AsianDevelopmentBank 6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444 www.adb.org Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2022. ISSN2313-6537(print),2313-6545(electronic)PublicationStockNo.WPS220590-2 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/WPS220590-2 TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country”inthisdocument,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea. ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBcopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial. Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo. CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: Inthispublication,“Rp”referstoIndonesianrupiahand“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollars. ADBrecognizes“China”asthePeople’sRepublicofChinaand“UnitedStatesofAmerica”astheUnitedStates. TheADBEconomicsWorkingPaperSeriespresentsdata,information,and/orfindingsfromongoingresearchandstudiestoencourageexchangeofideasandtoelicitcommentandfeedbackaboutdevelopmentissuesinAsiaandthePacific.Sincepapersinthisseriesareintendedforquickandeasydissemination,thecontentmayormaynotbefullyeditedandmaylaterbemodifiedforfinalpublication. ABSTRACT Thisstudypresentsagender-specificassessmentofmedium-termdisasterrecoveryfollowingaseriesofearthquakesinIndonesia’sAcehProvinceon7December2016.Forthisassessment,wecombinethevillage-levelnighttimeradiancedataobtainedfromtheVisibleInfraredImagingRadiometerSuiteinstrument,distancefromtheearthquakeepicenterscollectedfromtheUnitedNationsSatelliteCentreandtheVillagePotentialStatistics(PODES)2014and2018—administrativedatacollectedbyIndonesia’sCentralStatisticsBureau.Wedevelopanovelindextorepresentwomen’swelfareinthecontextofadisaster—theWomen’sWelfareafterDisastersIndex(W2DI).Thenighttimeradiancescoresareusedasindicatorsofoveralleconomicwelfare,whiletheW2DIspecificallyrepresentswomen’swelfare.Usingthedifference-in-differencesmethod,wecomparetheaveragemonthlynighttimeradianceandW2DIscoresinearthquake-affectedandunaffectedvillagesoftheAcehProvincebeforeandafterthe2016earthquakeseries.Similartostudiesusingthenighttimeradiancetomonitordisasterrecoveryandrelief,ourfindingsrevealthat,onaverage,themonthlynighttimeradiancescoresoftheearthquake-affectedvillages2monthsaftertheearthquakeswerebrighterrelativetothechangesoftheunaffectedvillages,implyinganimprovementinoveralleconomicwell-beingoftheearthquake-affectedpopulation.However,findingsfromtheW2DIgiveusricherinsightsrelatedtowomen’swelfare.Whileanimportantdomainofwomen’swelfare—particularly,availabilityandaccesstothehealthin