远东研究·债市运行 2022年10月18日 作者:冯祖涵陈浩川简奖平邮箱:research@fecr.com.cn 相关研究报告: 1.《2022年8月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.9.15 2.《2022年7月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.8.15 3.《2022年6月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.7.15 4.《2022年5月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.6.15 5.《2022年4月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.5.15 6.《2022年3月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.4.15 7.《2020年2月利率债市场运行报告》,2022.3.15 经济企稳,十年期国债收益率回升 ——2022年9月利率债市场运行报告 摘要 货币市场与货币政策方面,9月,央行MLF与逆回购中标利率维持稳定,缩量平价续作MLF,公开市场操作和MLF共实现净投放7180亿元。关键货币资金价格持续在央行7天逆回购中标利率下方调整,并于月底大幅上行;LPR报价与前值持平,1年期LPR为3.65%,5年期以上LPR为4.3%;Shibor利率与同业存单到期收益率均呈小幅上行趋势。整体来看,9月资金面总体宽松;央行缩量平价续作MLF,维持政策利率与贷款基准利率稳定;央行充分利用外汇市场逆周期调节工具应对人民币贬值风险,放松住房信贷政策支持刚性和改善性住房需求;接下来央行将发挥货币政策总量和结构双重功能,强化信贷政策引导作用,为实体经济提供更有力支持。 利率债市场方面,从一级市场来看,9月国债和政策性银行债净融资共实现9615.0亿元,较上月增加5015.34亿元;10年期国债发行利率微升,10年期政策性银行债发行利率环比下行。9月地方债共发行3010.84亿元,实现净融资-714.16亿元,较上月减少1905.92亿元;新增专项债发行240.63亿元, 较上月新增专项债发行规模缩减275.26亿元。8月24日国常会提出,依法用好5000多亿元专项债地方结存限额,10月底前发行完毕,9月28日稳经济大盘四季度工作推进会议提出,依法依规提前下达明年专项债部分限额;预计第四季度新增专项债将放量发行。财政政策强调扩大有效投资和促进消费,调动市场主体和社会资本积极性,继续实施好稳经济一揽子政策和接续政策。 从利率债二级市场来看,9月国债与国开债成交活跃度环比大幅下降;10年期国债收益率与10年期国开债收益率于月内波动上升;主要中长期地方政府债到期收益率走势相对平稳;中国货币政策与美欧货币政策持续分化,中美、中英、中德利差迅速收窄,其中中美、中英利差连续多日倒挂;9月,联储鹰派表态带动美元指数持续走强,人民币贬值压力加剧。预计人民币汇率将在一段时间内偏弱运行。 综合来看,9月利率债收益率呈小幅上行趋势,月末10年期国债收益率回升至2.7601%,预计未来一段时间政策利率将保持稳定,经济修复将带动10年期国债收益率持续回升。9月,生产扩张带动制造业景气水平改善,PMI较前值上升0.7个百分点,回升至扩张区间;政策工具的效果逐步显现,实体经济融资需求回暖,企业中长期贷款需求显著回升。9月初,稳经济一揽子政策的接续政策措施推出,房地产信贷政策放松,加力巩固经济恢复发展的基础。经济修复与政策发力将带动10年期国债收益率小幅回升。后续可密切关注疫情形势、俄乌冲突、金融数据、房地产市场、国际油价等重要变量。 Author:Fengzuhan,ChenHaochuan,JianJiangping, E-mail:research@fecr.com.cn Theeconomystabilizesandtheyieldof10-yeargovernmentbondsrises ——September2022China'sgovernmentbondmarketoperationreport Summary Inthemoneymarket,thePeople'sBankofChina(PBOC)kepttheMedium-termLendingFacility(MLF)rateand7-dayreporatestable.TheMLFinjected400billionyuantohedgetheexpirationofthepreviousMLF(600billionyuan).ThePBOC’sopenmarketoperations(excludingCentralBankBillsSwaporCBS)achievedanetinjectionof718billionyuan.Keycapitalpricesfluctuatedbelowthe7-dayreporateandroseattheendofthemonth.One-yearloanprimerate(LPR)was3.65%andfive-yearLPRwas4.3%.BoththeinterestratesofShiborandtheinterestrateofinterbanknegotiablecertificatesofdepositsawanincrease.Onthewhole,thecapitallevelwasloose.ThePBOCreducedthevolumeofMLFandkeptthepolicyinterestrateandloanbaseinterestratestable.ThePBOCmadefulluseofthecounter-cyclicaladjustmenttoolsoftheforeignexchangemarkettodealwiththeriskofRMBdepreciation,andrelaxedthehousingcreditpolicytosupportdemand.Next,thePBOCwillplaythedualfunctionsofaggregateandstructuralmonetarypolicy,strengthentheguidingroleofcreditpolicyandsupporttherealeconomy. IntheprimarymarketofChinesegovernmentbonds,thenetfinancingofcentralgovernmentbonds(Treasurybonds)andpolicybankbonds(quasi-sovereignbonds)was961.50billionyuaninSeptember,anincreaseof501.534billionyuanfromthepreviousmonth.Theissuanceratesofnewlyissuedcentralgovernmentbondsslightlyincreasedandtheissuanceratesofnewlyissuedpolicybankbondsdecreased.Thelocalgovernmentbondsissuedatotalof301.084billionyuan,achievingnetfinancingof-71.416billionyuan,adecreaseof190.592billionyuanfromthepreviousmonth.Thenewlyissuedspecialbondswere24.063billionyuan,whichdecreasedslightlycomparedtolastmonth.OnAugust24,theStateCouncilexecutivemeetingproposedthatbalanceofspecialbondquotaworthover500billionyuanshouldbeutilizedpursuanttolawandissuedbyendofOctober.OnSeptember28,itisproposedthatthespecialbondsfornextyearshouldbereleasedinadvance.Weexpectthatnewlyissuedspecialbondswillbeissuedinlargequantitiesinthefourthquarter.Thefiscalpolicyemphasizesexpandingeffectiveinvestmentandpromotingconsumption,mobilizingtheenthusiasmofmarketplayersandsocialcapital,andcontinuingtoimplementapackageofpoliciestostabilizetheeconomy. InthesecondarymarketofChinesegovernmentbonds,thetradingactivityoftreasurybondsandpolicybankbondsdecreased.Boththeyieldof10-yeartreasurybondsandtheyieldof10-yearpolicybankbondssawanincrease.Theyieldsoflocalgovernmentbondsremainstable.China'smonetarypolicyandthemonetarypolicyoftheUnitedStatesandEuropearesignificantlydifferent,andtheinterestrategapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,ChinaandBritain,andChinaandGermanyhavenarrowedrapidly.Amongthem,theinterestrategapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesandChinaandtheUnitedKingdomhasbeeninaninvertedtrendforseveralconsecutivedays.InSeptember,theFederalReserve'shawkish statementdrovetheUSdollarindexContinuedtoincrease,andhepressureonRMBdepreciationintensified.WeexpectthattheRMBexchangeratewillbeweakforaperiodoftime. Onthewhole,theinterestratebondyieldinSeptembershowedaslightupwardtrend,andthe10-yeargovernmentbondyieldroseto2.7601%attheendofthemonth.Itisexpectedthatthepolicyinterestratewillremainstableforaperiodoftimeinthefuture,andtheeconomicrecoverywilldrivethe10-yeargovernmentbondyieldtocontinuetoriseslightly.InSeptember,theexpansionofproductionledtoanimprovementintheprosperityofthemanufacturingindustry.ThePMIroseby0.7percentagepointsfromthepreviousvalueandreturnedtotheexpansionrange.Sincetheeffectofpolicytoolshasgraduallyemerged,thefinancingdemandoftherealeconomyhaspickedupanden