数字工作和数字技能：亚太地区不断变化的形势（英）

ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK DIGITALJOBSANDDIGITALSKILLS ASHIFTINGLANDSCAPEINASIAANDTHEPACIFIC SEPTEMBER2022 DIGITALJOBSANDDIGITALSKILLS ASHIFTINGLANDSCAPEINASIAANDTHEPACIFIC SEPTEMBER2022 CreativeCommonsCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs3.0IGOlicense(CCBY-NC-ND3.0IGO) ©2022AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)andLinkedIn AsianDevelopmentBankLinkedIn 6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity1000WestMaude 1550MetroManila,PhilippinesSunnyvale,CA94085,US Tel+63286324444https://careers.linkedin.com Fax+63286362444 www.adb.org Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2022. ISBN978-92-9269-606-1(print);978-92-9269-607-8(electronic);978-92-9269-608-5(ebook) PublicationStockNo.SPR220348 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/SPR220348 TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent,northeviewsandpoliciesofLinkedIn. ADBandLinkedIndonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBorLinkedIninpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country”inthisdocument,neitherADBnorLinkedInintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionswhatsoeveronthepartofADBorLinkedInconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthoritiesorconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs3.0IGOlicense(CCBY-NC-ND3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattributionandpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADB/LinkedIncopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit. NeitherADBnorLinkedIncanbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial. Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo.ForpermissiontousetheLinkedInlogo,pleasecontacthttps://brand.linkedin.com/downloads CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: Inthispublication,“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollars. CoverdesignbyCleoneBaradas. Onthecover:Digitalskillsarecrucialforsuccessinthelabormarketsoftomorrow,whetherforyoungpeopleorformid-careerandmatureworkers.Thisisparticularlytrueintechnology-intensivesectorslikesmartcities,e-learningandthegreeneconomy. Contents Tables,Figures,andBoxesiv Forewordvi PrefaceandAcknowledgmentsvii Abbreviationsviii ExecutiveSummaryix 2 1Introduction1 DigitalTalentTrendsBeforeandAfterthePandemic3 DigitalHiringReboundedQuicklyintheAftermathofthePandemic4 HigherDemandforMoreAdvancedDigitalSkills5 3 RisingDemandforDigitalSkills6 DigitalJobs,Skills,andCredentials9 DemandforDigitalversusBusinessandManagementSkills10 DigitalSkillsMostinDemand12 PrevailingDependenceonUniversitiestoImpartDigitalSkills14 EmergingLandscapeforDigitalCredentials14 4 RapidSurveyonDigitalCredentials:Evolution,Demand,andUse16 DigitalSkillDemandInThreeEmergingIndustries23 CompaniesYoungerinE-learning,OlderinSmartCities24 andRenewableEnergy E-learningandSmartCitiesMoreDependentonDigitalTalent25 EmergingandDecliningDigitalSkills26 DegreesandQualificationsBeingUsedintheThreeIndustries31 MaleDominationinSmartCitiesandRenewableEnergy33 WorkforceYoungerinE-learning,OlderinSmartCities35 andRenewableEnergy 5RecommendationsandtheWayForward37 Annex41 ResearchMethodologyUsingtheLinkedInEconomicGraph41 iv Tables,Figures,andBoxes Tables 1 DifferenceinAverageShareofDigitalHiresin2020over2019, 5 bySkillCategory 2 TopJobsinDemand,byNumberofHires 11 September2020–February2021 3 Fastest-GrowingJobs,September2020–February2021 12 overaYearEarlier 4 DigitalSkillsMostinDemandbyCountry, 13 September2020–February2021 5 TopFieldsofStudyofEmployeesHoldingJobsinDemand, 15 byCountry 6 TopEmergingandDecliningSkillsinE-learning,SmartCities 27 andRenewableEnergy 7 FiveMostCommonFieldsofStudyinSelectedCountries, 31 byIndustry A1 AsianDevelopmentBank–LinkedInDigitalSkillsTaxonomy 43 Figures 1ChangeintheDigitalHiringRateinAsiaandthePacific4 versustheUnitedStates 2ChangeinDemandforDigitalSkillsinthePast5Years7 3DemandforBasicversusAdvancedDigitalSkills7 4NumberamongtheLast10HiresRequiredtoPossessDigitalSkills8 5ReskillingandUpskillingInitiativesfromEmployers18 6HowFrequentlyEmployersSeeCandidateswithDigitalCredentials20 7EmployerPerceptionoftheFut