联合国世界水资源发展报告2025——山脉与冰川：水塔

Published in 2025 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2025 This report is published by UNESCO on behalf of UN-Water. The list of UN-Water Members and Partners can befound on the following website: www.unwater.org. ISBN 978-92-3-100743-9https://doi.org/10.54679/LHPJ5153 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) licence(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept tobe bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (www.unesco.org/en/open-access/cc-sa). The present licence applies exclusively to the text content of the publication. For the use of any material not clearlyidentified as belonging to UNESCO, prior permission shall be requested from the copyright owner. Section 7.2 by Jos Timmerman and Hanna Plotnykova © 2025 United Nations. Images marked with an asterisk (*) do not fall under the CC-BY-SA licence and may not be used or reproducedwithout the prior permission of the copyright holders. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or areaor of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Similarly, boundaries and namesshown and the designation used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the UnitedNations. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCOand do not commit the Organization. The contents were contributed by the UN-Water Members and Partners, andothers listed on the title pages of the chapters therein. UNESCO and the UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme(UNESCO WWAP) are not responsible for errors in the content provided or for discrepancies in data and content betweencontributed chapters. UNESCO WWAP provided the opportunity for individuals to be listed as authors and contributorsor to be acknowledged in this publication. UNESCO WWAP is not responsible for any omissions in this regard. Suggested citation: United Nations, The United Nations World Water Development Report 2025 – Mountains and glaciers: Water towers.UNESCO, Paris. Cover artwork by Davide Bonazzi Graphic design and layout by Marco Tonsini Printed by UNESCO CLD Printed in Paris This publication is printed on 100% recycled, chlorine-free paper. Billions of people depend on the fresh water that flowsfrom increasingly fragile mountain environments The water resources we receive from mountains are literally melting away before our eyes. Mountains and alpine glaciers – often referred to as the world’s ‘water towers’ – are becomingincreasingly vulnerable to climate change and unsustainable human activities, threateningthe water resources upon which billions of people and countless ecosystems depend. TheUnited Nations World Water Development Report2025 –Mountains and glaciers: Water towerscallsattention to the essential services and benefitsmountain waters and alpine glaciers provide tosocieties, economies and the environment. With afocus on the technical and policy responses requiredto improve water management in mountains, thereport covers critical issues such as water supply andsanitation, climate change mitigation and adaptation,food and energy security, industry, disaster riskreduction and ecosystem protection. Addressing the global water crisis begins at the top. “Since wars begin in the minds of men andwomen it is in the minds of men and womenthat the defences of peace must be constructed” Mountains and glaciersWater towers Forewordby Audrey Azoulay,Director-General of UNESCO.......................xForewordby Alvaro Lario,Chair of UN-Water and President of IFAD............xiiPreface.......................................................................................xiiiUN WWDR 2025 Team................................................................xvAcknowledgements....................................................................xviExecutive summary....................................................................1 Prologue.....................................................................................9 Trends in water demand and availability............................................................ 10Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6........................................ 12References............................................................................................................ 15 Chapter 1. Introduction.............................................