量子能源和公用事业：能源转型的关键机遇（英）

Quantum forEnergy and Utilities:Key Opportunitiesfor Energy Transition W H I T EP A P E RA P R I L2 0 2 6 Contents Foreword3Executive summary41Introduction61.1Methodology61.2What is pushing quantum technology7adoption in energy and utilities?1.3When will quantum applications8materialize in energy and utilities?1.4Quantum solutions across the9energy and utilities value chain2Energy (generation and supply)112.1Fossil fuels112.2Renewable and nuclear energy163Power and grid infrastructure223.1Transmission223.2Distribution233.3Storage234Utilities (public services and critical infrastructure)294.1Electricity and gas294.2Water and wastewater294.3Heating and cooling305Strategic roadmap for leaders335.1What holds quantum technology adoption back?335.2Actions to overcome quantum technology35adoption challenges5.3Organization roadmap to adopt quantum37technologies in energy and utilitiesConclusion39Contributors40Endnotes43 Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forumas a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressedherein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose resultsdo not necessarily represent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or otherstakeholders. ©2026 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopying and recording, or byany information storage and retrieval system. Foreword Ahmad Al KhowaiterExecutive Vice President,Technology & Innovation,Aramco Jeremy JurgensManaging Director,World Economic Forum The world is facing a tightening “energy trilemma”1that requires reducing emissions while keepingenergy reliable and affordable, in an environmentshaped by geopolitical volatility and persistentuncertainty. Progress on transition indicators hascontinued, but unevenly and slower than required.Meanwhile, electricity demand is accelerating aseconomies digitize and artificial intelligence scalesup, intensifying pressure on grids and bringinginfrastructure upgrades, flexibility and security tothe forefront of national agendas. and planning spaces and, eventually, improvematerials simulation accuracy. Quantum sensing canincrease measurement fidelity for subsurface imagingand monitoring. Quantum communication canstrengthen critical-infrastructure security when long-lived assets must remain trustworthy for decades. This white paper has been developed through astrategic partnership between the World EconomicForum and Aramco – part of the industry track ofthe Forum’s Quantum Economy Network – andfocuses on practical paths rather than hype. Itdraws on expert input, surveys and early projectsto highlight use cases across the energy valuechain, from generation to transmission and systemsecurity. Turning pilots into routine capability willrequire investment in skills, better data integrationand continued progress in hardware reliability. Against this backdrop, the limits of conventionalcomputation are becoming more visible. Renewable-heavy power systems exhibit non-linear dynamicsthat are difficult to model with sufficient fidelity.Breakthroughs in batteries, catalysts, carbon captureand storage, and hydrogen rely on molecularinteractions that are costly to simulate with classicalmethods. And across supply chains, trading andnetwork operations, optimization problems growcombinatorially, where incremental improvementsin solution quality or time-to-decision can translateinto material operational and economic value. We extend our sincere thanks to the experts andorganizations across industry, academia, technologyproviders and policy who contributed time andinsight to this paper. We hope it equips energy andutilities industry decision-makers with a practicalbasis to prioritize credible quantum opportunities,align stakeholders and investments, and build thetechnical, security and talent foundations neededfor responsible integration in the years ahead. Quantum technologies, including computing,sensing and communication, do not replace existingtools, but they can expand what is tractable.Quantum computing may help explore vast design Executive summary This report offers business leaders a roadmapto move from low-risk, high-value pilots towardsscaling-up quantum alongside high-performancecomputing and AI. Quantum solutions are emerging for energy andutilities in grid optimization, materials discoveryand infrastructure security, with near-term gainsusing hybrid workflows. Leaders should prioritizehigh-impact cases, benchmark data and scale upwhen results outperform classical methods. applications and post-quantum cybersecurityupgrades. Over the longer horizon, advances inquantum simulation and sensing could unlockhigher-fidelity modelling and measurement thatsupport cleaner, more resilient energy systems. Quantum solutions offer