从评估到行动：城市全生命周期碳过程的焦点

Assessment frameworkoverview anddevelopment0701.02.04.05.03.Tier 1 (Carbon Scope): Operationalenergy and carbon versusembodied and whole life carbon09Tier 2 (Policy Instruments): Definition,transparency, performance floor andincentivized goal10Tier 3 (Implementation Characteristics):Scope, application mechanism andeffectiveness11The criteria12How the framework assesses cities15Framework limitations16Bogotá, Colombia20Cape Town, South Africa21London, UK22New York, USA23Paris, France24Shanghai, China25Introduction01Definitions04Pilot cities17Conclusionand next steps26ForewordIIExecutive summaryIIIGlossary of termsand abbreviations28Appendix A:Criteria-Based AssessmentFramework29Appendix B:City Assessments29 Foreword Decarbonizing buildings is a recognized essentialpart of reducing greenhouse gas levels to meet ourclimate goals. A crucial step toward this is beingable to measure and report with accuracy andcredibility the whole life carbon (WLC) footprintof all buildings. Only from this point can targetsand incentives toward meaningful reduction be Global CO2emissions from buildings have stabilized (at a high level of ca. 14Gt per year,or almost 40% of total emissions) but we arenot yet seeing the necessary steep decline thatwould bring us within reach of keeping globalwarming to between 1.5-2ºC. While ca. 70% ofthese emissions are related to the energy usedto heat, cool and run buildings (operational Where we see the best progress, it is generallybeing shaped at a city level, in line with evolvingbuilt environment planning processes. By creatinga structured and consistent method of appraisingWLC process implementation within all majorcities worldwide, we can transparently enable This is why the implementation of Whole LifeCarbon processes is critical, as it allows us tounderstand the full emissions profile of buildingprojects and take a holistic approach to reducingthem, from the earliest phase of decision-making With this report we are aiming to providea consistent assessment framework and aspotlight on the implementation of Whole LifeCarbon processes across 6 global cities, to shareknowledge and best practice and to encourage Chris Carroll,Arup Fellow, Arup Group Ltd. Roland Hunziker, Director,Built Environment, WBCSD Executive summary The construction, operation and end-of-life of buildings account for approximately37% of global energy- and process-related carbon emissions.1With globaltemperatures in 2024 already exceeding 1.5˚C above pre-industrial levels,2reducing Context: whole life carbon in the built environment Assessment framework for the implementation of Whole life carbon (WLC) processes provide astructured approach to quantify and reduceemissions across a building’s life cycle. Typicallyimplemented through whole life carbonassessments (WLCAs), they support better- The structured framework we introduce inthis document assesses how effective theimplementation policies and initiatives are for WLCprocesses at the city level. It enables consistent Cities often act as test beds for new policies andpractices. Leading city-level action can build theconfidence of national policymakers and supportwider implementation. By assessing cities atdifferent stages of WLC policy implementation,the framework identifies best practices and WLC process adoption has already madesignificant progress. However, its uptake remainsfragmented across regions. Inconsistentmethodologies, policy approaches and reportingrequirements limit comparability, slow adoption,and create uncertainty for industry. Greater The criteria-based framework suggests what themaximum implementation of WLC processes couldlook like, facilitating the consistent assessmentof their application in buildings in different cities.(Though the framework could be replicable for The Market Transformation Action Agenda The WBCSD’s Market Transformation ActionAgenda (MTAA), endorsed by more than 80organizations, brings together stakeholders acrossthe built environment value chain to identify and Notable exceptions include France’s RE2020regulation, which sets WLC limits, and New York’sLocal Law 97 and London Plan Policy SI 2, whichapply financial penalties for exceeding operational Pilot cities demonstrating framework application Six pilot cities are used to illustrate theapplication of the framework in severalregions: Bogotá (Colombia), Cape Town They demonstrate that, while approaches vary,several common trends are emerging. All thepilot cities have established operational energyor carbon requirements, including performancedisclosure and minimum standards. But progresson embodied and whole life carbon is more Next steps Moving forward, we aim to scale the applicationof the framework to additional cities to highlightinsights into WLC process implementation, toengage policymakers and industry stakeholdersto refine and adopt it, and to establish a regular Introduction 01. Introduction Emissions from the construction, operation and end-of