2025全球管理教育需求白皮书

Table of contents Introduction                                                       3Population and education trends                                   4Consideration, testing, and applications                           10Demand for GME in key markets                                  18Canada                                                      19China                                                        25India                                                          31United Kingdom                                              37United States                                                 43Conclusion                                                       49Methods                                                           50 Introduction Throughout the report, we rely on the World Bank and U.S.Census Bureau as centralized and authoritative sources ofpopulation-level information—though this results in somelimitations in the recency of available data. In addition, weonly have information about graduate level or all highereducation rather than graduate business school specifically.ForGME-specific trends, we leverageGMAC’s data aboutprospective students, testing behavior, and applicationtrends. More information about our data sources andresearch approach is available in the methodology section. Business schools are planning for the future—to meetnew market demands from candidates, employers, andgovernments alike, and to contend with the broader trendsin population, educational attainment, and policy changesthat shape the overall demand for graduate managementeducation (GME). Some higher education institutions arethinking about upcoming “enrollment cliffs” or “demographiccliffs” that result from smaller populations of young peoplecoming of age and enrolling in their programs.1Some areoperating under the impacts of recession risk, financialcrises, or persistent unemployment, and others must continueto fill seats in their classrooms as their governments tryto curb the number of international students allowed tomigrate to the country. Under all of these conditions, howcan business schools make sense of what factors may shapethe future demand forGME? Where are the most potentialGMEcandidates, where do they want to study, and why? Ultimately, we hope the information contained in this reportcan help deans and program directors shape their portfoliosby deepening their understanding of the pipeline of talentand refining their offerings to meet the needs of their futurestudents. Further, we aim to aid marketing, recruitment, andadmissions professionals with tactical information to sharpentheir messaging and success metrics in the largest andgrowing markets forGMEaround the world. By combiningan understanding of macro-level trends with micro-levelpreferences and behaviors, we aim to offer a comprehensivelook at the current and future demand forGME. To answer these questions, this report aims to identify inwhich markets the demand forGMEis largest and strongest.We start by identifying macro-level trends in populationgrowth and educational attainment. After establishing thescale of the potential and addressable markets in keygeographies, we look at the distinct patterns of howcandidates move across stages of considering, testing for,and applying to business school programs. The reportconcludes with five country profiles, in which we 1) examinethe economic and policy environment for internationalstudents intending to study in the country, and 2) describethe characteristics, motivations, and goals of that country’scitizens who are interested in pursuingGME. Population and education trends The “demographic cliff” or “enrollment cliff” has concernedcolleges and universities in markets with declining birthratesand aging populations. Conventional wisdom suggests thatwith fewer young people to enroll in higher educationprograms, institutions must contend with the imminenceof smaller applicant pools—and smaller student bodies.2For graduate business school programs specifically, fewerundergraduates also means fewer futureMBAor businessmaster’s students. This concern does not exist in each region. Africa, forexample, is projected to grow their population of 18-year-oldsby almost 10 million people between now and 2038 (Figure 1).The population of young people in Australia and the PacificIslands is also expected to increase. But in places like Centraland South Asia or Latin America, the pop