2025量子计算：迈向量子时代的实用指南

Practicalguide tonavigatingthe future Quantum computing:Practical guide to navigating the future 0/Why this book?5 Exploring the “how” and “why”6Navigating information challenges6Co-learning and sense-making9Three distinct time horizons9 1/Why should I care about quantum computing?10 What if you could solve a previously impossible problem?11What if you could solve a complex problem 1000x faster?11What if you could get better solutions?12What if you could solve problems with 1000x less energy?12What if your industry will be disrupted?13Unimaginable solutions13 2/What is quantum computing?15 Three quantum technologies16Exploring the quantum computing landscape17 3/Which problems can quantumcomputing solve?23 Why are quantum computers powerful?24Which problems are suitable for quantum computers?26Demystifying quantum advantage and speed29What are the most promising applications?32Current limitations and future potential36 4/When is quantum computing ready for use?38 How can we measure readiness?39High-level view of the evolution of quantum computing40Quantum computing now42Short-term future44Mid-term future47Long-term future and beyond50Conclusion – When will it be ready?51 5/Which industries are ripefor quantum disruption?52 How can foresight unlock quantum opportunities?53Financial services in three quantum time horizons54Pharmaceuticals in three quantum time horizons60Catalysing future transitions65 6/How can quantum computingcreate a brighter future?68 Solving complex challenges across industries69Tackling global challenges70From unseen challenges to unimaginable solutions72 7/How can we navigatethe quantum computing risks?74 Quantum computing as a security threat75How can we build a77quantum-safe future?77Societal and geopolitical implications79The need for urgent action and collaboration79 8/What is the best quantumstrategy for my business?81 How do you evaluate quantum computing’ssignificance for your business?82What strategy suits your business?83Maintaining a flexible,forward-looking approach86 9/How can my company get started?88 Spark curiosity and build understanding89Quantum computing is a team sport89Establishing external networks91Gain practical experience92Research-based understanding and solutions93Building a future-proof organisation95 Endnotes96Acknowledgements98References and literature100Writers104 10/When is the best time to start?105 Preface In recent years we have been amazed many times by the rapid pace of tech-nology development in a variety of fields. Even so, quantum computing standsout among all these exciting new technologies with its very large transforma-tive potential. It promises to revolutionise industries and redefine computation-al limits in a scale not seen yet. As we approach this quantum era, it’s crucialfor business leaders, policymakers, and innovators to understand its profoundimplications. This guide simplifies the complex world of quantum computing. It explainsthe basics, explores the current state of the technology, and offers a roadmapfor organisations to prepare for a future where quantum capabilities becomepractical realities. I am convinced that quantum computing’s impact will be immense. It can solvecomplex problems and optimise systems with unmatched efficiency. Its appli-cations span finance, pharmaceuticals, energy, and manufacturing, promisingbreakthroughs that could reshape our world. Preparing for this quantum future is essential for staying competitive. Thisguide provides valuable insights into strategic considerations, potential appli-cations, and practical steps organisations can take to lead in this technologicalrevolution. We have learned from past technology leaps, that during the early days ofsuch development, it’s important to be both excited and pragmatic. While thefull potential of quantum computing is still on the horizon, the time to learn andprepare is now. By building knowledge, fostering partnerships, and investingin quantum-ready strategies, organisations can harness the power of quantumcomputing as it matures. This guide is your first step towards quantum readiness. It equips you with theknowledge and tools to make informed decisions, develop effective quantumstrategies, and navigate the challenges and opportunities ahead. Start prepar-ing for a future where the impossible becomes possible. Antti Vasara CEO, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd 0/Why this book? The book’s purpose is to make you consider the importance of quantum com-puting for your company and how you should prepare for the quantum age. Itprovides a practical overview of the opportunities and challenges of quantumcomputing from a business perspective. Instead of diving deep into quantumphysics, the focus is on how you can prepare your company for a future wherequantum computing is commonplace. You will learn which industries are most likely to encounter the transformativepower of quantum computing and what competitive advantages