2025航运行业核能应用指南：核动力船舶及海上设施的初步考量

Initial considerations for nuclear ships and offshore Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and background41.1 Introduction41.2 Objectives51.3 Scope51.4 More information6Section 2: Terminology, definitions, and acronyms82.1 Introduction82.2 General terminology and definitions82.3 Terminology and definitions related to nuclear security and safeguards92.4 Terminology and definitions related to insurance and reinsurance102.5 Acronyms11Chapter 2: Regulatory frameworks12Section 1: Maritime regulation121.1 Overview121.2 Role of Classification Societies13Section 2: Nuclear regulation152.1 Overview152.2 National regulatory approach162.3 Nuclear licensing requirements16Section 3: Prescriptive and goal-based requirements173.1 Introduction173.2 Prescriptive approach173.3 Maritime prescriptive approaches183.4 Nuclear prescriptive approaches183.5 Goal-based approach193.6 Maritime goal-based approaches213.7 Nuclear goal-based approaches22Section 4: Aligning regulatory frameworks234.1 Considerations for aligning regulatory frameworks234.2 Reconciling risk management principles234.3 Designating the regulator’s roles25Chapter 3: Requirements for implementing nuclear energy in maritime27Section 1: Introduction271.1 Introduction27Section 2: Maritime and nuclear technology integration282.1 System integration by safety classification28Section 3: Nuclear safety case development293.1 Introduction to the nuclear safety case293.2 Environmental considerations303.3 Structural integrity and metocean34Section 4: Security and safeguarding considerations36 4.1 Introduction to security considerations364.2 Potential maritime use cases and associated security considerations364.3 Security system components364.4 Considerations for safeguards in maritime nuclear operations374.5 Supporting components of the nuclear security system38 Section 5: Operational considerations39 5.1 Introduction to operational considerations395.2 Personnel395.3 Emergency response405.4 Upstream and downstream services415.5 Quality assurance and verification services43 Section 6: Insurance and reinsurance considerations44 Chapter 4: Adoption strategies roadmap47 1.1 General471.2 Before starting: develop and tailor your plan471.3 Taking action in the near term481.4 Pre-licensing, technology readiness, and regulatory assessment49 Section 2: The roadmap50 2.1 General502.2 Public engagement and stakeholder identification512.3 Assemble design and project execution team522.4 Develop an ownership model532.5 Develop financial plan542.6 Develop and establish insurance framework542.7 Engineering design activities552.8 Develop the security and safeguards plan562.9 Develop the operations, maintenance and decontamination & decommissioning plan572.10 Develop the permitting plan582.11 Regulatory engagements59 Section 160 1.1 Conclusion601.2 Next Steps60 Chapter 1: Introduction andbackground 1.1 Introduction Nuclear industries are preparing for increasedtechnology deployment in advance of the next majorstage of energy transition. Maritime industries demandcompliant, reliable energy sources or sustainable fuelto maintain effective shipping and offshore industries. The International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) safetyprinciples have been developed and matured for civil,land-based gigawatt-scale power plant production.However, the current maritime law and InternationalMaritime Organization (IMO) regulations, codes andstandards do not adequately address certain aspectsof nuclear technology. There are jurisdictional andenforcement ambiguities around safety, security, andliability. As of October 2025, neither global maritimeregulators nor nuclear regulators have declared theirviews or guidance on commercial or privately ownednuclear applications in the commercial shipping andoffshore industries. This document gives information and guidancefor the engineering and product development ofnuclear power solutions for commercial shippingor offshore industries. It aims to help project teamsnavigate regulatory, legal, and economic challenges.The first adoption of nuclear technology for acommercial maritime project can offer precedentsfor more projects to scale-up and pave the way to thedevelopment of a harmonised international frameworkas nuclear takes its place in the energy transition of thecommercial shipping and offshore industries. The trans-geographic mobility of commercial shipsand the offshore industries adds to the regulatorycomplexity. The lack of harmonised internationalframeworks and trans-geographic boundaryenforcement strategies will pose challenges for thedeployment, operation and decommissioning ofnuclear power solutions. Therefore, it is imperativeto establish a pathway for licensing the nuclearunit, enforcing standards (nuclear safety, security,and safeguards, or “3S”), coordinating trans-geographic emergency response functions andestablishing liability agreements to ensure thatnuclear power solutions can be deployed with theuniversally accepted standards of safety, s