中国建筑领域的能源效率——政策机遇

Energy Efficiency inChina’s Buildings Sector Policy opportunities INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineViet Nam AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Acknowledgements This study was prepared by the Energy Efficiency and Inclusive Transitions Office(EEIT) in the Directorate of Energy Markets and Security (EMS). It was authoredby Patrick McMaster and Giulia D’Angiolini, with key contributions from IanHamilton and Ksenia Petrichenko. Melanie Slade, senior programme manager oftheEmerging Economies(E4)programme,provided the overall guidance.Keisuke Sadamori, Director of the Energy Markets and Security Division and BrianMotherway, Head of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Inclusive Transitions,provided strategic direction. Special thanks to Nicholas Howarth, Lucien Hua and Georgie Sitch for theirsupport on data collection and analysis. Valuable comments were provided byStéphanie Bouckaert, Chiara Delmastro, Anthony Vautrin, Araceli FernandezPales, Rebecca McKimm, Ivo Walinga and Tiffanie Laborie-Bousquet. Thanks also to the IEA Communications and Digital Office for their help inproducing the report and website materials and promoting it, particularly to LivGaunt, Astrid Dumond and Clara Vallois. Elspeth Thomson copyedited the report. Expert contributions included Ding Hongtao and Liang Chuanzhi (China’s Ministryof Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Centre of Science and Technology andIndustrialisation Development), Hu Shan and Liu Xiaohua (Tsinghua University),Wu Jingshan and Fu Yu, (China Association of Building Energy Efficiency), ZhangSicong and Chen Xi (China Academy of Building Research), Fan Hongwu,(Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science), Xu Xiaolong (National Centerof Technology Innovation for Green and Low-Carbon Building) and Wei Feng(Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen). Table of contents Aim of the report...................................................................................................................... 51. Overview of energy efficiency in China’s buildings sector ................................................. 6Stable long-term improvements in energy intensity impacted by growing electricitydemand for cooling .............................................................................................................. 7China’s buildings policy framework ................................................................................... 102. International trends in the energy efficiency of buildings ................................................. 17International policy priorities.............................................................................................. 193. Policy opportunities in China ............................................................................................ 25Developing a comprehensive policy package................................................................... 25Policy opportunities for improving energy efficiency in buildings in China ....................... 26Retrofitting potential: key technologies and implementation mechanisms ....................... 43Annex .................................................................................................................................... 48Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 48Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................. 49 Aim of the report This report outlines opportunities for actions, targets and timelines that could improveenergy efficiency in the buildings sector of the People’s Republic of China, hereafterreferred to as China. It includes an analysis of the country’s current buildings energyefficiency policies and the data which tracks progress in achieving them. While considering the policy opportu