碳捕集、利用与封存规模化融资：如何动员私人资本

Financing CCUSat Scale How to mobilise private capital INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineViet Nam AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is an important area of attentionfor governments and financiers as both look to balance policy and investmentgoals. Recent financial investment decisions of major projects show promise in asector that is gaining momentum, but its future success depends on viablebusiness models and effective risk allocation across the value chain. In this context,Financing CCUS at Scaleis the IEA’s latest report on what it takesto move CCUS projects from the drawing board to operation. Building on expertinterviews with leading financial institutions, the report investigates the distinctiveeconomic and financial characteristics of CCUS projects, the impact of businessmodels on commercial viability, and how CCUS projects have been financed todate. Based on these insights, the report provides targeted recommendations forpolicymakers on how to design policy, regulatory and financial frameworks thatcan more effectively crowd in private capital. Thehandbook is supported by the IEACCUS Projects Databaseandcomplements the IEA CCUS Handbooks onCCUS Policies and Business Models,Legal and Regulatory Frameworks for CCUSand onCO2Storage Resources andtheir Development. Acknowledgements This study was prepared by the Energy Technology Policy (ETP) Division of theDirectorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks (STO) of the InternationalEnergy Agency (IEA). The study was designed and directed by Timur Gül, ChiefEnergy Technology Officer and Head of the Energy Technology Policy Division.Thelead authors were(in alphabetical order)Mathilde Fajardy and CarlGreenfield. Other key contributors from across the IEA included Herib Blanco, Tomo Iwaki,Paulina Rosales, and Ryo Yamasaki. Charlotte Bracke and Per-Anders Widell provided essential support throughout theprocess. Lizzie Sayer edited and produced the manuscript. Thanks also to the IEACommunications and Digital Office for their help, particularly to Jethro Mullen,Curtis Brainard, Poeli Bojorquez, Astrid Dumond, Grace Gordon, Julia Horowitz,Naomi Morduch Toubman, Irina Paun and Lucile Wall. Valuable comments andfeedback were provided by other colleagues within the IEA, in particular LauraCozzi, Cecilia Tam, Philippe Rose and Richard Simon. Valuable input to the analysis was provided by a series of consultations andsurveys with officials from financial institutions including (in alphabetical order)Allan Baker (Société Générale), Emanuele Bianco (Asian Development Bank),Kash Burchett (HSBC), Oliver Cornelis (Rabobank), Brendan Goulding (Mizuho),Dimitrios Koufos (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development), DarshakMehta (Asian Development Bank), Niall MacDowell (Barclays), Shuhei Mimura(Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance), Pierpaolo Perna (European Investment Bank), LoicPerret(Proparco),Masumi Takanshi(JOGMEC),Pradeep Tharaka(AsianDevelopment Bank), Martin Weber (Crédit Agricole Corporate & InvestmentBank), and Takeshi Yamanobe (Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance). Several senior government officials and experts provided essential input andfeedback to improve the quality of the report. They include: Nawal Alhanaee,Maryam Alshamsi, Abdalla Alhammadi (Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure,United Arab Emirates); Abdul'Aziz Aliyu (IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D TechnologyCollaborationProgramme);Therese Badr(AXA XL);Allan Baker(SociétéGénérale);Dorus Bakker(Porthos);Jeff Brown(Brown Brothers Energy&Environment LLC); Jarad Daniels (Global CCS institute); Niloofar Abdehagh; LailaBalkhi; Samatha Bryson; Aline De Almeida; Kathryn Gagnon and Stephanie Klak(Natural Resources Canada); Jonathan Dredge (Exxon Mobil); Hahn Le (AsiaNatural Gas and Energy Association); Maryam Golnaraghi (Geneva Association);Lesley Harding (Liberty Mutual); Felix Leon