科技的未来：从超级芯片到量子计算——欧洲能否率先实现飞跃？

Future of Tech: From Superchips to Quantum - Can Europe Makethe Leap First? There is a particular kind of ambition that defines the most consequential industrial projects- not the ambition to win a single race, but to build the track itself. That is the nature of what issteadily taking shape in Europe's computing ecosystem, at the intersection of conventionalsupercomputing and quantum technology. In data centres outside Paris, in labs in Grenobleand in the machine halls of Jülich, Germany, the architecture of tomorrow's computing is beingassembled, chip by chip, qubit by qubit. At the centre of this effort sits an improbable coalition: a French semiconductor startupfounded in 2019 with the mission to build the most complex processor ever designedon European soil; a silicon spin qubit company whose CMOS-compatible approach mayultimately fuse quantum and classical computing on the same fabrication line; and - providingthe deployment context that links them - Alice Recoque, France's forthcoming first exascalesupercomputer, currently under construction at CEA's TGCC, set to host ~1,000 Rhea2processors across 100,000 Arm cores - which will bring these technologies together in asingle facility. Together, SiPearl, Quobly and the infrastructure of Alice Recoque represent thenucleus of something Europe has long struggled to produce: a credible, sovereign, verticallyintegrated computing ecosystem with a coherent path from design to deployment. This paper is not a financial analysis. It is a technology and strategy briefing that we triedto write by applying analytical rigour alongside informed curiosity. It draws on technicalspecifications, official press releases, peer-reviewed research and earnings commentary,and distinguishes throughout between established fact, plausible trajectory and informedspeculation. It was prepared in parallel with the Bernstein Global Semiconductors team'sMarch 2026 report on quantum computing and the "TSMC of QPU" - a companion piecewhose scope and relationship to this paper are set out in full in the positioning note thatfollows. The report is structured in eight sections. It opens by situating Europe's push for computingsovereignty in its geopolitical and industrial policy context. It then examines SiPearl and theRhea processor family in depth - origins, specifications, JUPITER deployment and the roleof Alice Recoque. A dedicated section addresses the classical-quantum interface: why theCPU is not going away and the three-layer hybrid architecture that makes Quobly's CMOSapproach strategically relevant. Quobly is then analysed directly - its CEA-Leti heritage, theQ100T programme and the STMicroelectronics partnership. Quandela's photonic route andLucy's deployment at CEA's TGCC follow. The paper then steps back to examine the Frenchquantum stack as a system - its structural coherence, governance, and the gaps that remain -before placing it in global context against the US and China. A final section surveys the near-term applications this infrastructure is actually being built for, from molecular simulation andpost-quantum cryptography to quantum sensing. This report is, above all, an attempt to answer one deceptively simple question: what does itlook like when a continent decides to build its own computing future - and whether, this time,it might actually succeed? Table Of Contents The geopolitical awakening...........................................................................................................................................................................................5The HPC dimension: numbers as power..................................................................................................................................................................5Quantum computing as the next frontier.................................................................................................................................................................6Europe's distinctive bet: public infrastructure and sovereign supply chains...............................................................................................7EuroHPC Joint Undertaking: an original governance architecture................................................................................................................. 7SiPearl and the Rhea processor: building Europe's classical compute backbone........................................................................................... 8Origins: the European Processor Initiative.............................................................................................................................................................. 8Rhea1: specifications and ambition...........................................................................................................................................................................8The tape-out milestone and Series A completion..............................................