2025年经合组织钢铁展望

OECD Steel Outlook2025 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as:OECD (2025),OECD Steel Outlook 2025, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/28b61a5e-en.ISBN 978-92-64-56562-3 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-89294-1 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-57379-6 (HTML)OECD Steel OutlookISSN 1995-3917 (print)ISSN 1999-1185 (online)Photo credits:Cover © Billy Stock/Shutterstock.com.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. OECD STEELOUTLOOK 2025© OECD 2025ForewordThe steel industry contributessignificantlyto economies, producing a vast array of products that are usedto support investment in infrastructure,andmanufacturingmachinery and equipment,as well asa broadrange of consumer items. The industry is now confronted with growing challenges in the form of risingexcess capacity and the resulting serious trade and adjustment issues that have emerged.The OECD’s Steel Committee has played a vital role in advancing transparency in the above-mentionedareas, providing a platform for exchanging views and information and promoting international co-operation.This report highlights the important work recently undertaken by theSteel Committee in key areas. Itprovides a comprehensive assessment of the current situation and offers an informed outlook for the future,assessing capacity and market developments, government subsidies and other support measures, tradepolicy actions, and the efforts of the industry to enhance environmental performance by shrinking its carbonfootprint.The reportwas prepared by the OECD Secretariat with the support of government and industrystakeholders. It was approved and declassified by the Steel Committee on2May 2025. AcknowledgementsThis report was prepared by the OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Directorate (STI), under theleadership of Jerry Sheehan, STI Director, Jens Lundsgaard, STI Deputy Director, Stephan Raes, Headof the Structural and Industry Policy Division, and Sebastian Ordelheide, Head of Communications.The report was prepared byPeter Avery, consultant, Anthony de Carvalho, Head of the Steel Unit, andMaika Sakamoto, Junior Economist/Policy Analyst in the Steel Unit, based on declassified work by theOECD Steel Committee. Current and previous members of the Steel Unit (Aryan Agarwal, Adrien Corneille,Luciano Giua, Danhak Gu, Claire Hoffmann, Gianpiero Mattera, Fabien Mercier, Masanobu Nakamizu,Elyas Pannetier, Pieter Parmentier, Rodrigo Pazos, Michele Rimini,CecileSeguineaud, Yuto Takada, andLenka Wildnerova) either authored or contributed to the original research and analysis brought together inthis report. Julie Harris provided editorial support and Tara Hermans, Juliana Gonzalez and AnnaLockwood assisted withthe production of this report.The authorswish to provide a special dedication to delegates of the Steel Committee, who provided veryhelpful comments on previous drafts of this report, as well as Peter Avery andWolfgang Hübnerfor theirunwavering efforts over the years to promote a level playing field in the global steel sector. OECD STEEL OUTLOOK 2025© OECD 2025 OECD STEELOUTLOOK 2025© OECD 2025Table of contentsForewordAcknowledgementsAbbreviations and acronymsExecutive summary1 A level playing field is needed for a brighter outlook in the global steel industrySteel is the backbone of developed