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DESIGNING AN MSME ECOSYSTEM FORRESILIENT GROWTH IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NOVEMBER 2024 ASIA SMALL ANDMEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISEMONITOR 2024 DESIGNING AN MSME ECOSYSTEM FORRESILIENT GROWTH IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NOVEMBER 2024 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2024 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2024. ISBN 978-92-9277-019-8 (print); 978-92-9277-020-4 (PDF); 978-92-9277-021-1 (ebook)Publication Stock No. SGP240536-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/SGP240536-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.ADB recognizes “Brunei” as Brunei Darussalam, “Ceylon” as Sri Lanka, “Vietnam” as Viet Nam, and“Russia” as the Russian Federation. Caucasus and Central Asia“AMD” refers to dram, “AZN” to manat, “GEL” to lari, “KZT” to tenge, “KGS” to som, “TJS” to somoni, and “SUM” to sum. South Asia“Tk” refers to taka, “₹”to Indian rupees, “NRs” to Nepalese rupees, “PRs” to Pakistan rupees and “SLRs” to Sri Lanka rupees. Southeast Asia “B$” refers to Brunei dollars, “KR” to riels, “Rp” to rupiah, “KN” to kip, “RM” to ringgit, “P” refers to pesos,“S$” refers to Singapore dollars, “B” refers to baht, and “D” to dong. Caucasus and Central Asia 1.Armenia2.Azerbaijan3.Georgia4.Kazakhstan5.Kyrgyz Republic6.Tajikistan7.Uzbekistan South Asia 8.Bangladesh9.India10.Nepal11.Pakistan12.Sri Lanka Southeast Asia 13.Brunei Darussalam14.Cambodia15.Indonesia16.Lao People’s Democratic Republic17.Malaysia18.Philippines19.Singapore 20.Thailand21.Viet Nam Pacific 22.Fiji23.Papua New Guinea24.Samoa 268 Background Notes276 TABLES AND FIGURES Tables Regional Review 1.1Policies and Regulations34A-1MSMEs to Total Enterprises and MSME Employees to Total Workforce36A-2Number of MSMEs and Employment37A-3MSME Output to GDP and MSME Exports to Total Export Value38A-4MSME Output and MSME Exports39A-5MSME Loans to Total Bank Loans and to GDP, and MSME Nonperforming Loans40to Total MSME LoansA-6MSME Bank Loans and Nonperforming Loans41A-7MSME Equity Markets42 Caucasus and Central Asia Armenia 2.1MSME Definition2.2MSME Landscape2.3MSME Financing2.4Policies and Regulations 51515253 Azerbaijan 3.1MSME Definition3.2MSME Landscape3.3MSME Financing3.4Policies and Regulations Georgia 4.1SME Definition4.2SME Landscape4.3SME Financing4.4Policies and Regulations Kazakhstan 5.1MSME Definition*5.2MSME Landscape5.3MSME Financing5.4Policies and Regulations Kyrgyz Republic6.1MSME Definition 6.2MSME Landscape6.3MSME Financing6.4Policies and Regulations Tajikistan 7.1SME Definition7.2SME Landscape7.3SME Financing7.4Policies and Regulations Uzbekistan 8.1MSME Definition1088.2MSME Landscape1098.3MSME Financing1108.4Policies and Regulations111 South Asia Bangladesh9.1MSME Definition9.2MSME Landscape9.3MSME Financing9.4Policies and Regulations 120121122123 India 10.1MSME Definition12910.2MSME Landscape13010.3MSME Financing13110.3aSmall Industries Development Bank of India MSME Loans13210.4Policies and Regulations133 Nepal 11.1MSME Definition11.2MSME Landscape11.2aMSME Landscape - Regis