核能新时代之路2025

The Path to a New Erafor Nuclear Energy INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAMembercountries: IEAAssociationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract The Path to a New Era for Nuclear Energyis a new report by the InternationalEnergy Agency that looks at the opportunities for nuclear energy to addressenergy security and climate concerns – and at critical elements needed to pursuethese opportunities, including policies, innovation and financing. Nuclear energyisa well-established technology that has provided electricity and heat toconsumers for well over 50 years but has faced a number of challenges in recentyears.However,nuclear energy is making a strong comeback,with risinginvestment,new technology advances and supportive policies in over 40countries. Electricity demand is projected to grow strongly over the next decades,includingfrom data centres,further underpinning the importance of havingsufficient new sources of stable low-emissions electricity. Despite the rising momentum behind nuclear energy, various challenges need tobe overcome for nuclear to play an important role in the future energy landscape.This report reviews the status of nuclear energy around the world and exploresrisks related to policies, construction and financing. It provides the long-termoutlook for nuclear power in light of policies and ambitions, quantifying nuclearpower capacity and the related investment over the period to 2050. The reportshows that with continued innovation, sufficient government support and newbusiness models, small modular reactors can play a pivotal role in enabling a newera for nuclear energy. It highlights potential mechanisms to unlock financing whilealso emphasising the critical importance of adequate planning for the requiredworkforce and supply chains. Foreword Some four years ago, the International Energy Agency (IEA) announced thatnuclear energy was well positioned to make a comeback after a difficult periodfollowingthe 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the accident at theFukushima Daiichi plant. Today, this comeback is clearly underway and nuclearnow stands on the cusp of a new era, owing to a combination of governmentpolicies, technological innovation and private sector interest. At the same time,several major challenges still need to be overcome on the path to this new era. Thisnew IEA special report provides a comprehensive assessment of thesituation, examining how these challenges can be overcome in countries that seeit as part of their future energy mix. It is important to note, however, that somecountries, including some IEA Members, do not see a role for nuclear energy intheir future, and the IEA Secretariat fully respects their position. This report shouldnot be seen as representative of their views. Globally, nuclear energy is a leading source of clean and secure electricitygeneration – second only to hydropower among low-emissions sources. In 2025,nuclear is set to produce more electricity than ever before, a clear sign of thecomeback that the IEA signalled in 2021. Another sign of momentum is thatinterest in nuclear energy today is at its highest levels since the oil crises of the1970s, with support for expanding the use of nuclear power now in place in morethan 40 countries. At the same time, innovation is changing the nuclear technologylandscape through the development of small modular reactors (SMR), the first ofwhich are expected to start commercial operations around 2030. These positive developments for nuclear are well timed, as the world is movingtowards the Age of Electricity, with global electricity demand for electricity set togrow six times as fast as overall energy demand in the coming decade, driven bythe need to power everything from industrial machinery and air conditioning toelectric vehicles and data centres. Alongside renewable technologies such assolar and wind, whose electricity output is expanding rap