应对癌症对健康、经济和社会的影响

Tackling the Impact of Canceron Health, the Economyand Society Tackling the Impactof Cancer on Health,the Economy and Society This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. ISBN 978-92-64-39309-7 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-94115-1 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-94659-0 (HTML)ISBN 978-92-64-51663-2 (epub) OECD Health Policy StudiesISSN 2074-3181 (print)ISSN 2074-319X (online) Photo credits:Cover © FatCamera/Getty Images. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2024 This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Despite significant progress in preventing and treating cancer overthe past decade,cancerremainsoneof the most significantpublic healthchallengesto health systems,economies, andsocieties worldwide.Not only does cancer causeoneinfourdeaths inthe OECD, directly affecting the lives of patients, families,and communities,but italso imposes a substantialeconomic burden. Across OECDcountries, annualhealthexpenditure is EUR449billion higher than if there were no cancer,and workforce outputEUR163billionlower. This report analyses the economic costs and societal impacts of cancer. Using advanced systemsmodelling covering 51countries, including the OECD, EU and G20, the report offers insights into the healthburden of cancer, its impacton people’s mental health and work life, healthcare expenditure, and othereconomic costs such as lost productivity. The report also examines the potential impact of cancer policies,highlighting co-benefits for the economy, the environment, and the society as a whole. Both the economic and social toll of cancer will grow.For example,because the cancer riskincreases withage, population ageingaloneisprojected to increase per capita healthcare expenditureon cancerby 67%on average across the OECD between2023 and 2050.Spending will also continue to rise as new therapiesbecome available.It is therefore imperative thatpolicy makers adopt a proactive approach to cancer controland fight on all fronts.This includes actions to reduce the cancer burdenby addressing key risk factorsand vaccinating for human papillomavirus, combined with effective screening, diagnosis