全球健康膳食监测指导文件英文版

Guidance for monitoringhealthy dietsglobally Guidance for monitoring healthy diets globally ISBN (WHO) 978-92-4-009438-3 (electronic version)ISBN (WHO) 978-92-4-009439-0 (print version)ISBN (FAO) 978-92-5-138836-5ISBN (UNICEF) 978-92-806-5568-1 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the workis appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that the World HealthOrganization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF) endorse any specific organization, products or services. The use of WHO, FAO, or UNICEF logos is not permitted. If youadapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create atranslation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was notcreated by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or UnitedNations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). WHO, FAO and UNICEF are not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. Theoriginal English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of theWorld Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules. Suggested citation.Guidance for monitoring healthy diets globally. Geneva: World Health Organization, Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0961en Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submitrequests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures orimages, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from thecopyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely withthe user. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of WHO, FAO, or UNICEF concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or areaor of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products, whether or not these have been patented, does notimply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO, FAO, or UNICEF in preference to others of a similar nature that are notmentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO, FAO, and UNICEF to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibilityfor the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO, FAO, and UNICEF be liable for damagesarising from its use. AcknowledgementsivAbbreviations and acronymsvGlossaryvi 1. Background 1.1 Objectives21.2 Target audience21.3 Approach for content development21.4 The properties of a healthy diet2 2. Why measure the healthiness of diets?5 2.1 Population-level purposes for measuring the healthiness of diets52.2 Why prioritize monitoring?62.3 Considerations when measuring the healthiness of diets6 3. How to measure the healthiness of diets 3.1 Dietary assessment methods73.2 Types of dietary intake data83.3 Surveys for dietary data collection93.3.1 Integrating modules on dietary intake within a multitopic large-scale survey93.3.2 Stand-alone national health, nutrition and dietary surveys93.4 Measures and indicators of the healthiness of diets10 5. Research gaps17 6. Conclusion19 References Annex 1The Healthy Diets Monitoring Initiative25 Annex 2Healthy diet metrics 27 Acknowledgements This guidance document is an outcome of the Healthy Diets Monitoring Initiative (HDMI) led by theFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Children’s